...The static theory of gases as described above does not consider the translational motion of molecules other than the convection of matter, and this is the fundamental difference from the kinetic theory described below. The kinetic theory, which considers atoms as hard spheres and tries to understand Boyle's law from the structural hypothesis that they fly freely in a vacuum, was proposed by D. Bernoulli (1738), John Herapath (1821), and John James Waterston (1846), but was not accepted as an oversimplified theory that ignored atomic forces when the authority of Newton and Laplace dominated the academic world. The collapse of the calorie theory was the establishment of thermodynamics, which denied the law of conservation of heat, and was constructed by RJE Clausius and W. Thomson (Kelvin) as a synthesis of the law of conservation of energy by JR Mayer, JP Joule, and HLF Helmholtz and Carnot's theorem. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Herapath, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…以上のような気体の静力学的理論では物質の対流以外に分子の並進運動は考えられておらず,この点が以下に述べる動力学的理論との根本的な違いである。 原子を剛体球と考え,それらが真空中を自由に飛び回っているという構造仮説からボイルの法則を理解しようとする動力学的理論は,D.ベルヌーイ(1738),ヘラパスJohn Herapath(1821),ウォーターストンJohn James Waterston(1846)らが提出したが,ニュートンやラプラスの権威が学会を支配していた時代には,原子間力を無視する単純化しすぎた理論として受け入れられなかった。熱素説を崩したものは熱量保存則を否定した熱力学の成立であり,J.R.マイヤー,J.P.ジュール,H.L.F.ヘルムホルツによるエネルギー保存則とカルノーの定理の総合として,R.J.E.クラウジウス,W.トムソン(ケルビン)によって建設された。… ※「Herapath,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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