…The first is the interpretation of the Old Testament, especially the Torah, through the method of midrash (commentary). The second is halakha (originally meaning "way of walking"), which means legal regulations, but its basis of authority includes not only written law but also customs that have been accepted since ancient times, the judgments of authoritative scribes, the majority votes of scholars, and in short, all authorities that were thought to govern the correct "way of walking" of members of the Jewish community. The third is the Haggadah (narration), which is teaching based on non-legal stories in the Bible, folk tales, legends, etc. … From Midrash:…Thus, the rabbis, or legal scholars, wrote down many midrashes (plural midrashim). Depending on their content, midrashes are classified into Halakhah (legal) works that deal with oral law, and Haggadah (sermons) that deal with other matters. The narrative forms include commentaries that interpret each and every verse of the Bible, sermons based on specific scriptures, and stories that focus on Bible stories. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Halakhah" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…第1はミドラシュmidrash(注解)という方法で,旧約聖書,特に律法(トーラー)の本文の解釈である。第2のハラハーHalakhah(原意は〈歩き方〉)は,法規を意味するが,その権威の基盤は,成文律法だけではなく,古代から受け入れられてきた慣習,権威ある律法学者の判定,学者たちの多数決など,要するにユダヤ人共同体成員の正しい〈歩き方〉を律すると考えられたすべての権威を含んでいた。第3はハガダーHaggadah(説話)で,聖書の中の非法規的物語や,民話,伝説などに基づく教えである。… 【ミドラシュ】より…こうして,律法学者,あるいはラビと呼ばれる人々が,多くのミドラシュ(複数ミドラシーム)を書き残した。ミドラシュは内容によって,口伝律法を扱った〈ハラハーHalakhah〉(法規)的なものと,それ以外の〈ハガダーHaggadah〉(説話)的なものに分類される。叙述形式としては,聖書の一句一句を解釈する注解型,特定の聖句に基づく説教型,聖書物語を主題とする物語型がある。… ※「Halakhah」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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