gnomon

Japanese: gnomon
gnomon


[From sundials to water clocks]
Humans first got their concept of time from the movement of the sun in the sky, so the sundial, which told the position of the sun, was thought to be the first clock invented. At first, a gnomon was used, which told the time by the shadow cast by the sun on a single pole. In Mesopotamia and Egypt, where astronomy had been developed since ancient times, the sundial is thought to have been invented quite some time ago, but the details are unknown.

From the Zhou Pi Suan Jing

…He explains in detail the theory that the heavens and the earth are parallel and are like a plane or a lid (umbrella). The gnomon is a pole that is placed vertically on the ground, and the length of the sun's shadow is measured, and the size of the heavens and the earth is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. [Yabuuchi Kiyoshi]…

From [Watch]

...People noticed that the length and direction of the shadows cast by trees and rocks changed with the movement of the sun, and used this as a clock. The use of sundials like this seems to have started in Egypt around 5000 BCE, and eventually a pole called a gnomon was erected vertically on the ground to be used as a sundial. There is also a theory that the tall spires of obelisks were also used as sundials. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "gnomon" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[日時計から水時計へ]
 人間が時間の観念を得たのは天空上における太陽の動きであるから,その太陽の位置を知る日時計が最初に考案された時計であったと考えられる。初めは1本の棒を立て太陽による影で時刻を知るノーモンgnomonが使用された。古代から天文学が発達していたメソポタミアとかエジプトでは,日時計の発明はかなりの昔と思われるが詳細は不明である。…

【周髀算経】より

…天地はともに平行で,平面もしくは蓋(傘)のようであるという蓋天説を詳説する。〈髀〉は地面に垂直に立てた棒gnomonのことで,この棒による太陽の影の長さを測定し,ピタゴラスの定理を使用して天地の大きさを算出している。【藪内 清】。…

【時計】より

…太陽の動きにつれて木や岩などの影が長さと方向を変えていくことに気づき,これを時計として利用したものである。このような日時計の利用は前5000年ころのエジプトで始まったらしいが,やがて日影棒(ノーモンgnomon)と呼ばれる棒を地面に垂直に立てて日時計とするようになった。オベリスクの高い尖塔も日影棒として用いられたという説もある。…

※「gnomon」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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