…(2) In order to cause a conditioned reflex, the conditioned stimulus (CS) must precede the unconditioned stimulus (US). (3) When CS 1 is the conditioned stimulus, if a similar CS 2 causes the conditioned reflex, this is called generalization. (4) When both CS 1 and CS 2 can cause a conditioned reflex, if you continue to reinforce CS 1 and not CS 2 , the conditioned reflex will come to be caused only by CS 1. … From [Topographical Map]...Omission means not omitting things that are not very important or that are too complicated to understand, while exaggeration means exaggerating things that are too small to read when reduced to a certain scale, or small but important things (triangulation points, leveling points, etc.). Generalization means expressing things that would be difficult to understand if reduced to a smaller scale, such as mountain paths with many twists and turns, complex terrain with intricate small valleys, or densely packed buildings in a city area, by grasping the overall shape and making it easy to understand. Also, when roads, railways, settlements, embankments, etc. are concentrated in a small area, it becomes difficult to write them in the correct positions. *Some explanations of terms that mention "generalization" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…(2)条件反射をひき起こすためには,条件刺激(CS)が無条件刺激(US)に先行することが必要とされる。(3)CS1が条件刺激になっているとき,これとよく似たCS2が条件反射をひき起こす場合,これを汎化generalizationという。(4)CS1とCS2がともに条件反射をひき起こすことができるとき,CS1を強化し,CS2を強化しない操作を続けると,CS1によってのみ条件反射が起こるようになる。… 【地形図】より…省略とはあまり重要でないもの,込み入りすぎてわかりにくいものなどを省略して表現しないことであり,誇張とは縮尺に応じて縮小すると小さくなりすぎて読みにくいもの,また小さくても重要なもの(三角点,水準点など)を誇張して表現することである。また総描(総合描示generalization)とは屈曲の多い山路,小さな谷の入り組んだ複雑な地形,あるいは密集した市街地の建物など,そのまま縮小して描くとわかりにくくなるものを,全体の形をおおづかみにとらえてわかりやすく表現することである。また狭い区域に道路,鉄道,集落,堤防などが集中する場合には,それぞれを正しい位置に記入することができなくなってくる。… ※「generalization」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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