Ethnology

Japanese: Ethnologie
Ethnology


[Anthropology and Ethnology]
Although we may talk about the diversity of humankind, unlike other animals, humans have culture, including language, and so not only the subject area but also the research method must differ depending on whether one focuses on human nature (body, traits) or culture. In continental Europe, especially in Germany and Austria, the term anthropology was used exclusively for research on body and traits, and the term Ethnology was used for research related to culture, and this usage is still in use today. This usage was also followed in Japan before World War II, which was strongly influenced by the German academic style, and this tendency is still strong even today, when the term cultural anthropology has become quite common, as can be seen in the names of organizations such as the Japanese Society of Ethnology and the National Museum of Ethnology.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ethnologie" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[人類学と民族学]
 一口に人類の多様性といっても,人類は他の動物と異なって,言語をはじめとする文化をもつ存在であるから,人類の自然(身体,形質)と文化のどちらに着目するかによって,対象領域ばかりか研究の方法も異ならざるをえない。その際,ヨーロッパ大陸,なかんずくドイツ,オーストリアでは,人類学という名称をもっぱら身体・形質面の研究に限って用い,文化面にかかわる研究には民族学Ethnologieの名称を用いるのが普通であったし,現にそのような用法が行われている。ドイツ流の学風の影響を強くこうむってきた第2次大戦前の日本でも,そうした用法が踏襲され,その傾向は,文化人類学という名称がかなり一般化した今日でも,〈日本民族学会〉〈国立民族学博物館〉などの名まえにみるとおり,なお根強いものがある。…

※「Ethnologie」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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