Esmarch, JFAvon (English)

Japanese: Esmarch,J.F.A.von(英語表記)EsmarchJFAvon
Esmarch, JFAvon (English)

...In Berlin, Germany, where medicine had been lagging behind, the Collegium medicochirurgicum was established, and surgery finally began to be recognized as a branch of medicine. In the 19th century, the general anesthesia method developed by Crawford Williamson Long (1842), Horace Wells (1844), and W. T. G. Morton (1846) in the United States and James Young Simpson (1847) in the United Kingdom, the antiseptic method developed by IP Semmelweis (1847) and J. Lister (1867) based on L. Pasteur's (1861) report that putrefaction was caused by airborne microorganisms, the aseptic method developed by Ernst von Bergmann (1886) and Curt Schimmelbusch (1889), and the use of a tourniquet by Johann Friedrich August von Esmarch (1823-1908) all contributed greatly to the advancement of surgical techniques. Successful cases of total hysterectomy by Bernhard Rudolf Conrad von Langenbeck (1810-87), skin grafting by Carl Thiersch (1822-95), rectal cancer surgery by Richard von Volkmann (1830-89), and gastrectomy by Theodor Billroth (1829-94) began to be reported.

*Some of the terminology referenced in "Esmarch, JFAvon" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…一方それまで医学において遅れていたドイツのベルリンにもCollegium medicochirurgicumが設立され,ようやく医学の一分野としての外科の立場が認められるようになった。 19世紀に入って,アメリカのロングCrawford Williamson Long(1842),ウェルズHorace Wells(1844),W.T.G.モートン(1846)やイギリスのシンプソンJames Young Simpson(1847)らによる全身麻酔法,L.パスツール(1861)の腐敗現象は空気中の微生物によるという報告に基づいたI.P.ゼンメルワイス(1847),J.リスター(1867)らによる制腐消毒法,ベルクマンErnst von Bergmann(1886)やシンメルブッシュCurt Schimmelbusch(1889)による無菌法,エスマルヒJohann Friedrich August von Esmarch(1823‐1908)による駆血帯の使用は,その後の外科手術を飛躍的に進歩させることとなった。すなわち,ランゲンベックBernhard Rudolf Conrad von Langenbeck(1810‐87)の子宮全摘出術,ティールシュCarl Thiersch(1822‐95)の植皮術,フォルクマンRichard von Volkmann(1830‐89)の直腸癌手術,ビルロートTheodor Billroth(1829‐94)の胃切除術の成功例が報告されるようになった。…

※「Esmarch,J.F.A.von」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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