Chaconne (English: chaconne French)

Japanese: シャコンヌ - しゃこんぬ(英語表記)chaconne フランス語
Chaconne (English: chaconne French)

A type of instrumental music in a rather slow 3-beat rhythm that was popular in the 17th and 18th centuries. It usually takes the form of a kind of ostinato variation, in which the bass part repeats a certain melody (especially a descending fourth from the tonic to the dominant) or a certain chord progression throughout. A Latin American dance, whose refrain always includes the word chacona, was introduced to Spain and developed as an instrumental piece in Italy and Germany. At first, most of the pieces were in major keys, and were distinguished from minor-key passacaglias, and were accompanied by guitars, castanets, and tambourines. In Italy in the mid-17th century, vocal chaconnes were also seen (Monteverdi, Frescobaldi). In France, the tempo slowed down and it was combined with the rondeau form unique to France (Lully, Couperin), and it reached its golden age in Germany in the first half of the 18th century (Buxtehude, Bach). There are almost no examples of this style after that.

[Toshiko Sekine]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

17、18世紀に流行したやや緩やかな3拍子の器楽曲。通常、低声部が一定の旋律(とくに主音から属音への4度下行)もしくは一定の和音進行を終始反復する一種のオスティナート変奏曲の形をとる。リフレインの歌詞にチャコーナchaconaの語がかならず含まれた中南米の舞曲がスペインに渡来し、イタリア、ドイツで器楽曲として発展した。最初は長調の曲が多く、短調のパッサカリアとは区別されており、ギター、カスタネット、タンバリンで伴奏された。17世紀中ごろのイタリアでは、声楽シャコンヌもみられる(モンテベルディ、フレスコバルディ)。フランスに入ると、テンポが遅くなりフランス特有のロンドー形式と結び付き(リュリ、クープラン)、18世紀前半にドイツでその黄金時代を迎える(ブクステフーデ、バッハ)。その後はほとんど例がない。

[関根敏子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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