In 1189 (Bun'ji 5), Minamoto no Yoritomo conquered the Fujiwara clan of Hiraizumi in Oshu. As a result, both Oshu and Ushu came under the control of the Kamakura Shogunate, completing Yoritomo's conquest of the whole country. To avoid the one-sided expression of conquest, this battle is sometimes called the "Bun'ji 5 Oshu War." The direct cause of this battle was a dispute over the handover of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, who had fled to Hiraizumi. However, even after Yoshitsune was assassinated in leap April of the same year and his head was delivered to Kamakura in June, Yoritomo did not let up on his pursuit of Hiraizumi, and petitioned the Imperial Court for an imperial decree to pursue and kill Fujiwara no Yasuhira. Without waiting for the decree, he left Kamakura on July 19 and set out on his expedition. Prior to this, Yoritomo's mobilization order, issued in February, extended all the way to southern Kyushu, and troops from over 60 provinces in Japan, totaling 284,000 cavalry (including various retainers and infantry from the Umamawari regiments, according to the Azuma Kagami). Yoritomo divided his army into three groups, leading the central army north, taking the defensive wall at Atsukashiyama (Kunimi-cho, Fukushima Prefecture) on August 1, and entering Taga Kokufu on August 12. Yasuhira abandoned his headquarters at Kokubuharamuchidate (Tsutsujigaoka, Sendai City), set fire to Hiraizumi, and fled north. Yoritomo entered Hiraizumi Castle on August 22nd, and Yasuhira was killed by Kawada Jiro at Nie no Saku, Hinai County (Odate City, Akita Prefecture) on September 3rd. [Nobuo Irumada] "The Four Generations of the Oshu Fujiwara Clan" by Tomio Takahashi (1958, Yoshikawa Kobunkan) "The World of Medieval Oshu" edited by Seiji Kobayashi and Naomasa Oishi (1978, University of Tokyo Press, UP Sensho) "The Soaring Kamakura Samurai" edited by Masataka Ueyokote (The Stages of Japanese History 3, 1982, Shueisha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1189年(文治5年)源頼朝(よりとも)が奥州平泉(ひらいずみ)藤原氏を征服した戦い。これによって、奥羽両国は鎌倉幕府の支配下に属することとなり、頼朝の全国制覇が完成した。征伐という一方的表現を避けて、「文治(ぶんじ)五年奥州合戦」とよぶこともある。この合戦の直接的原因は、平泉に逃げ込んだ源義経(よしつね)の身柄引き渡しをめぐる対立にある。しかし、同年閏(うるう)4月義経が誅殺(ちゅうさつ)され、6月その首が鎌倉に届けられたのちにおいても頼朝は平泉追及の手を緩めず、朝廷に対して藤原泰衡(やすひら)追討の宣旨(せんじ)を奏請。その宣下(せんげ)を待たずに、7月19日鎌倉を出発、遠征の途についた。それに先だって2月に発せられた頼朝の動員令は南九州にまで及び、日本六十余州の軍勢、『吾妻鏡(あづまかがみ)』によれば28万4000騎(ただし、諸人の郎従(ろうじゅう)、馬廻(うままわり)の歩卒(ほそつ)なども含む)が参集した。頼朝は全軍を三手に分けて、自らは中央軍を率いて北上、8月1日阿津賀志山(あつかしやま)の防塁(福島県国見(くにみ)町)を抜き、8月12日多賀国府(たがこくふ)に入った。泰衡は国分原鞭楯(こくぶがはらむちだて)(仙台市榴ヶ岡(つつじがおか))の大本営を捨て、平泉に火を放って、北に逃れた。頼朝の平泉入城は8月22日、泰衡が比内(ひない)郡贄柵(にえのさく)(秋田県大館(おおだて)市)で河田(かわだ)次郎に殺されたのは9月3日であった。 [入間田宣夫] 『高橋富雄著『奥州藤原氏四代』(1958・吉川弘文館)』▽『小林清治・大石直正編『中世奥羽の世界』(1978・東京大学出版会・UP選書)』▽『上横手雅敬編『風翔ける鎌倉武士』(『日本史の舞台3』1982・集英社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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