Einzelhof

Japanese: Einzelhof

... If we estimate the state of settlements and farmland in the Old Germanic period based on the results of such academic research, we can roughly summarize it as follows. The most common settlements were not densely-packed villages with 20 to 30 houses (Gewanndorf) that appeared clearly from the 8th and 9th centuries onwards, nor were they scattered villages (Einzelhof) in which each house had its own farmland around it, but rather small, loosely-organized groups of clans or retainer families with 4 to 5 or at most 10 houses. This is said to be suggested by the existence of small settlements called Drubbel or Eschdorf that survived to later generations in various areas of northwestern Germany. ...

From 【Village】

…(2) Marsh village: Marschhufendorf, found in the marshes of the Netherlands, with canals at regular intervals for drainage, houses built along them, and narrow strips of cultivated land behind them. (3) Isolated manor house: Einzelhof, a type of scattered farmhouse with farmland and houses closely spaced together, found west of the Wesel River; Meizen considered it to be a Celtic settlement. (4) Waldhufendorf, a type found in the forest clearings of the late Middle Ages in southeastern Germany, with houses lined up along a road at the bottom of the valley, and narrow strips of cultivated land at right angles to the road behind them. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Einzelhof" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　そうした学界の成果をふまえて古ゲルマン時代の集落と農地のあり方を推定した場合，ほぼつぎのように総括することができる。すなわちその最も一般的な集落は，8～9世紀以降にはっきりとあらわれる20～30戸を単位とする有核密集村落(集村Gewanndorf)でもなければ，各戸が家屋敷の周囲に農地を持って散在する散居制(散村Einzelhof)でもなく，4～5戸からせいぜい10戸程度の小規模なルーズなまとまりを持つ氏族または従士家族の集団であったと思われる。北西ドイツの諸地域に後世まで残存したドルッベルDrubbelまたはエッシュドルフEschdorfと呼ばれる小集落のあり方が，これを示唆しているといわれる。…

【集落】より

…(2)沼沢村Marschhufendorf　オランダの沼沢地にみられ，排水のために等間隔の運河を設け，それに沿って家屋とその背後に細長い耕地をもつ。(3)孤立荘宅Einzelhof　ウェーゼル川以西にみられる耕地と家屋が密接した，農家の散在する形態を指し，マイツェンはケルト人の集落と考えた。(4)林地村Waldhufendorf　東南ドイツにおける中世末の森林開墾地にみられる形態で，谷底の道に沿って家屋が並び，その背後に道と直角に細長い耕地をもっている。…

※「Einzelhof」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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