Transverse Presentation

Japanese: 横位 - おうい(英語表記)Transverse Presentation
Transverse Presentation
[What kind of disease is it?]
This is the state in which the fetus is lying down inside the mother's womb. In other words, the long axis of the fetus (the straight line from the head to the buttocks) and the long axis of the mother's body intersect at nearly a right angle. It is rare for them to intersect at a perfect right angle, and most of the time they are in an oblique position.
It is common in the first half of pregnancy, but by the time of delivery, most will have progressed to cephalic presentation (or breech presentation ("breech presentation")), and ultimately it becomes a relatively rare condition, occurring in only about 0.3 to 0.4% of all deliveries.
[Cause]
Causes of transverse presentation include low birth weight babies (column "What is a premature baby?"), premature babies, placenta previa ("Placenta previa/Low-lying placenta"), multiple pregnancies ("What is a multiple pregnancy?"), abnormalities in the shape of the uterus, uterine deformation (including the combination of uterine fibroids ("uterine fibroids")), abnormalities in the shape of the fetus, narrow pelvis (especially flat pelvis), polyhydramnios ("Polyhydramnios"), and those who have given birth many times.
[Testing and diagnosis]
As with breech presentation, it can be detected by external and internal examination, but an accurate diagnosis can be made by ultrasound or X-ray.
[Treatment]
Vaginal delivery is difficult in the transverse position. If the fetus does not rotate to cephalic or breech presentation by the time of delivery, a cesarean section is considered desirable.
If delivery proceeds in a transverse position without a Caesarean section, the baby may come out shoulder first, or the umbilical cord or upper limbs may prolapse after the water ruptures.
If this condition is left untreated and labor continues as is, it can lead to a very dangerous condition called "prolonged transverse position." In the case of prolonged transverse position, there are rare cases where the baby will turn naturally and birth will occur, but in general, natural birth will not occur, and if left untreated, it can be very dangerous for both mother and child.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
[どんな病気か]
 胎児(たいじ)が母親のおなかの中で、横になっている状態をいいます。つまり胎児の長軸(頭からおしりまでを結ぶ直線)と母体の長軸とが、直角に近く交差しているということです。完全に直角にまじわるものは珍しく、多くは斜位をとっています。
 妊娠前半期には多くみられますが、分娩(ぶんべん)時までには、そのほとんどが頭位(とうい)(または骨盤位(こつばんい)(「骨盤位(さかご)」))になり、最終的には、全分娩の約0.3~0.4%と、比較的まれな状態です。
[原因]
 横位の原因として、低出生体重児(ていしゅっしょうたいじゅうじ)(コラム「未熟児とは」)、早産児(そうざんじ)、前置胎盤(ぜんちたいばん)(「前置胎盤/低置胎盤」)、多胎妊娠(たたいにんしん)(「多胎妊娠とは」)、子宮の形態異常、子宮の変形(子宮筋腫(しきゅうきんしゅ)(「子宮筋腫」)の合併など)、胎児の形態異常、狭骨盤(きょうこつばん)(とくに扁平(へんぺい)骨盤)、羊水過多(ようすいかた)(「羊水過多」)、出産回数の多い人などがあげられます。
[検査と診断]
 骨盤位と同様に、外診や内診でわかりますが、超音波検査やX線検査を行なえば、正確な診断が可能です。
[治療]
 横位のままでは、経腟(けいちつ)分娩はまず困難です。分娩時までに胎児が頭位または骨盤位に回転しない場合は、帝王切開(ていおうせっかい)することが望ましいと考えられています。
 帝王切開せずに横位の分娩が進行した場合、肩から先に出てきたり、破水(はすい)後に臍帯脱出(さいたいだっしゅつ)あるいは上肢脱出(じょうしだっしゅつ)をきたすことがあります。
 このような状態を放置し、そのまま分娩が進行すると、遷延横位(せんえんおうい)という非常に危険な状態になります。遷延横位の場合、まれに自然回転して分娩することもありますが、一般には自然分娩にならずに、放置すれば母子ともにたいへん危険な状態になります。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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