dithyrambos

Japanese: dithyrambos
dithyrambos

…Years of birth and death unknown. He created the dithyrambos, a form of singing in praise of Bacchus. He left his native island of Lesbos and served for many years at the court of Periandros, the tyrant of Corinth. He made a fortune in singing contests in Italy and Sicily, and was thrown overboard by greedy sailors on his way back to Corinth. …

From [Theater]

…It is consistent with the findings of ethnology and theatrical history on the primitive form of theater in some respects. For example, the theory of magical mimetic behavior, which states that in order to control a power that transcends humans, one attempts to possess that power by imitating its symbolic actions, and that masks play an important role as objects of magical possession, and the important role played by song and dance in the rituals of so-called primitive peoples in Africa and the New World (this also corresponds to the fact that the Dionysia Festival in ancient Athens, in which a hymn to Dionysus called dithyrambos was performed in the form of a collective dance during the first two days of the festival). In other words, Kutscher's theory is only valid when it is separated from the primitive hypothesis that mere gestural expression is the primitive form of theater, and is based on the perspective that "words are also bodily actions," as Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology teaches, so there is no doubt that song and dance play a decisive role in collective assimilation. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "dithyrambos" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…生没年不詳。酒神バッカスをたたえるディテュランボスdithyrambos歌を創始した。故郷のレスボス島を出て,長年コリントスの僭主ペリアンドロスPeriandrosの宮廷にあったが,イタリアとシチリアの歌競べに出場して財をなし,船でコリントスへ帰る途中,欲に目のくらんだ船乗りどもに海へ投じられた。…

【演劇】より

…それはある点では演劇の始原的形態についての民族学や演劇史の知見とも一致する。たとえば,人間を超えた力を統御するためには,その力の象徴的行動を模倣することによってそれを人間に依り憑けようとし,その際に仮面が憑依の呪力をもつものとして重要な役割を果たすという〈呪術的模倣所作〉の論や,アフリカや新大陸のいわゆる未開民族の儀礼において〈歌・舞〉の果たす重要な役割がそれである(これは古代アテナイにおける大ディオニュシア祭においても,祝祭の冒頭2日間にはディテュランボスdithyrambosと称せられるディオニュソス讃歌が集団舞歌の形で演じられたことにも照応する)。言いかえれば,クッチャーの説は,単なる身ぶり表現を演劇の始原形態だとする始原仮説と切り離して,メルロー・ポンティの現象学が説くように〈言葉もまた身体所作である〉という観点に立って初めて有効性をもつので,〈歌・舞〉が集団的同化にとって決定的な役割を果たすことは疑いようがない。…

※「dithyrambos」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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