…Of course, the principles of the socialist system have never been fully realized in the existing socialist systems of the 20th century. Robert A. Dahl, an American political scientist, has set two theoretical dimensions of democratization: the right to participate in elections and hold public office (participation/inclusiveness), and the freedom to publicly protest and compete (liberalization/challenge). He presents four ideal types of political systems, combining the degree of guarantee and institutionalization: closed repressive systems, inclusive repressive systems, competitive oligarchy, and highly democratized political systems (polyarchy) in which inclusiveness and liberalization are fully guaranteed, and explores the conditions for their transition and change. If a democratic system is a political system that satisfies the two major requirements of participation/inclusiveness and liberalization/challenge to a considerable extent, then the subtypes that can be enumerated include Anglo-American democracy, Scandinavian neo-corporatism, and the multipolar coexistence type consociational democracy of the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, etc. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Dahl, RA" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…もとより,その社会主義の体制原理は,20世紀の現存社会主義体制においてけっして十分には実現されてはいない。 アメリカの政治学者ダールRobert A.Dahlは,民主化の二つの理論的次元として,選挙に参加し公職につく権利(参加・包括性),公的に異議を申し立て競争する自由(自由化・異議申立て)を設定し,その保障や制度化の大小の度合の組合せで,閉鎖的抑圧体制,包括的抑圧体制,競争的寡頭制,包括性と自由化が十分に保障されている高度に民主化された政治体制(ポリアーキーpolyarchy)の四つの理念型的な政治体制を提示し,その移行や変動の条件を探究している。民主主義体制とは参加=包括性と自由化=異議申立ての二大要件を相当程度満たしている政治体制である,とすれば,その下位類型として英米型デモクラシー,北欧型のネオ・コーポラティズム,オランダ,ベルギー,オーストリアなどの多極共存型consociational democracyが列挙されよう。… ※「Dahl,R.A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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