The national language of the Republic of Iceland. Along with Faroese, Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish, it forms part of the North Germanic language family. Since Iceland was once an uninhabited island, the formation of Icelandic dates back to the 9th century, when the Norwegian Vikings began to settle there. As a result, there are no significant dialectal differences between the oldest Icelandic manuscripts and the roughly contemporary Norwegian manuscripts, and they are in fact the same language. While Norwegian has since undergone major changes, Icelandic is very conservative, and the inflections of nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc. have been passed down to us today almost entirely unchanged from the archaic forms. In terms of vocabulary, it can also be said that most archaic words are still alive today, so Icelanders can read and understand Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian from around the 13th century without any special study. [Sadao Morita] "Icelandic Grammar" by Sadao Morita (1982, Daigaku Shorin) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アイスランド共和国の国語。フェロー語、ノルウェー語、スウェーデン語、デンマーク語とともに北ゲルマン語派を形成している。アイスランドは古くは無人島であったので、アイスランド語の成立は、9世紀に始まったノルウェーのバイキングの移住に始まる。したがって最古層のアイスランド語の写本と、ほぼ同時代のノルウェー語の写本との間には、とりたてていうほどの方言差がなく、事実上同一の言語である。 その後ノルウェー語は言語が大きく変わったが、アイスランド語はたいへん保守的で、名詞、形容詞、動詞などの屈折も、古語のそれを忠実にほとんど変えるところなく今日に伝えているうえ、語彙(ごい)面でも古語のほとんどが今日でもなお生きているともいえるので、アイスランド人は特別の勉強なしに13世紀ごろの古アイスランド語や古ノルウェー語をそのまま読んで理解できる。 [森田貞雄] 『森田貞雄著『アイスランド語文法』(1982・大学書林)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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