...However, looking at the actual results, the fiscal balances of major countries, including the United States, continued to run deficits amid continuing inflation. In response to this situation, JM Buchanan of the United States and others have commented that Keynesian theory is based on the premise that finances are managed by wise men (this is called the Harvey Lord premise), and that this is the result of ignoring the fact that in a democracy, fiscal decisions and management are the product of political decisions made by politicians who emerge through elections. They also judge that in a democratic political process, whether the economy is at full employment or not, the expansion of fiscal spending through the issuance of government bonds becomes permanent, and there is an inherent tendency for the accumulation of government bonds to continue. ... From [Finance]...The role played by bureaucracy and various interest groups is also the subject of analysis. (4) When public economics was formed, it was said that "public finance is the father and welfare economics is the mother," and it seeks to evaluate the contribution of welfare economics as a normative analysis in solving various problems, including "market failures." In recent years, people of the public choice school, including James M. Buchanan (1919-, Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, 1986), have made a great contribution to the development of public economics. *Some of the terminology references "Buchanan, JM" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし現実の成果をみると,アメリカをはじめ主要国の財政収支はインフレが続くなかで赤字が継続していった。この事態に対し,アメリカのブキャナンJ.M.Buchananらは,ケインズ理論は賢者による財政運営を前提に構想されており(このことをハーベー・ロードの前提という),デモクラシーのもとでは,財政の決定と運営とが選挙を通して出現してくる政治家による政治決定の所産であることを無視した結果である,と論評している。そしてデモクラシーの政治過程のもとでは,経済が完全雇用にあろうとなかろうと,国債発行による財政支出の拡大は恒常的になり,国債の累積は継続する内在的傾向をもつと判断する。… 【財政学】より…そこでは官僚制や各種利益団体の演ずる役割も分析の対象とされる,(4)公共経済学が形成されるとき〈財政学を父とし厚生経済学を母とする〉といわれたように,〈市場の失敗〉を含む各種の問題解決に当たり規範分析としての厚生経済学の貢献を評価しようとする。近年では,ブキャナンJames M.Buchanan(1919‐ 。1986年ノーベル経済学賞)をはじめとする公共選択学派の人々が,公共経済学の発展に大きく貢献してきている。… ※「Buchanan,J.M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
…A self-regulatory body in the UK that handles sp...
A town in Haga County in southeastern Tochigi Pref...
…Population: 34,590 (1990). In Roman times it was...
…No definite remains have been found, but it is a...
〘 noun 〙 The temporary imperial palace that was us...
The former name of the Matsumae clan, feudal lord...
A representative culture of the Postclassic period...
… In 1949, after the Second World War, popular ri...
A literary magazine. From January 1909 (Meiji 42)...
It is a member of the Felidae family of the Carni...
In the field of Indian studies, he devoted himsel...
〘 noun 〙 Reinforced plywood is made by impregnatin...
Air enters the subcutaneous tissue, mainly due to ...
…In the early 12th century, the city was incorpor...
A port city facing Jiaozhou Bay, south of the base...