Sir John Richard Hicks

Japanese: ヒックス - ひっくす(英語表記)Sir John Richard Hicks
Sir John Richard Hicks

British theoretical economist. Born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England. After graduating from Clifton College in Bristol, he studied at Balliol College, Oxford, and became a lecturer at the London School in 1926. He was a Fellow of Cambridge University (1935-38, during which time he married Ursula Kathleen Webb, a financial scholar), and a Professor at Manchester University (1938-45), before being welcomed back to his alma mater, Oxford University, where he was Fellow of Nuffield College (1945-52) and Professor (1952-65), and was made Professor Emeritus at the university in 1965. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1942, knighted in 1964, and awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972.

Hicks's achievements are wide-ranging and profound. The first is the establishment of general equilibrium theory. In Value and Capital (first edition 1939, second edition 1946), he shocked the academic world by greatly expanding the general equilibrium theory derived from Walras and Pareto. In addition to presenting the method of comparative statics, this book is filled with various analytical methods, both large and small, making it a magnificent culmination and considered the pinnacle of microscopic theory. The second is his contribution to business theory. In his A Contribution to the Theory of the Trade Cycle (1950), he introduced the factors of economic growth into the analysis of business cycles, completing the theory of "constrained cycles." The third is his contribution to growth theory and capital theory. His Capital and Growth (1965) organized and further developed the analysis of economic growth and capital accumulation, and Capital and Time (1973) introduced Austrian capital theory to break new ground in growth theory. His other works include The Theory of Wages (1932), The Social Framework: An Introduction to Economics (1942), A Revision of Demand Theory (1956), Critical Essays in Monetary Theory (1967), Essays in World Economics (1959), A Theory of Economic History (1969), and Methods of Dynamic Economics (1985), all of which contributed greatly to the study of economic growth.

[Toyosaburo Sato]

"Value and Capital" translated by Takuma Yasui and Naoo Kumagai (1951, Iwanami Shoten)""Business Cycle Theory" translated by Hiroshi Furuya (1951, Iwanami Shoten)"Capital and Growth" translated by Takuma Yasui and Masao Fukuoka (1970, Iwanami Shoten)"Capital and Time" translated by Takashi Negishi (1974, Toyo Keizai Shinposha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの理論経済学者。イングランドのウォーリックシャーの勅許温泉地レミングトン・スパに生まれる。ブリストルのクリフトン・カレッジを経て、オックスフォードのベリオール・カレッジに学び、1926年ロンドン・スクールの講師となった。その後ケンブリッジ大学のフェロー(1935~38。この時代に財政学者アースラ夫人Ursula Kathleen Webbと結婚)、マンチェスター大学教授(1938~45)を務めたのち、母校オックスフォード大学に迎えられ、ナフィールド・カレッジのフェロー(1945~52)、教授(1952~65)を経て、65年に同大学名誉教授となった。なお、1942年にFBA(Fellow of British Academy)に選ばれ、64年にナイトの称号を受け、72年にノーベル経済学賞を受賞した。

 ヒックスの業績は幅広く、そして奥深い。まず第一は一般均衡理論の確立である。彼は『価値と資本』Value and Capital(初版1939、第二版1946)で、ワルラス、パレートに由来する一般均衡理論を大きく拡充して学界に衝撃を与えた。この著は、比較静学の手法を提示するほか、大小さまざまの分析手法に満ちており、みごとな集大成であり、微視的理論の最高峰とされている。第二は景気理論への寄与である。彼の『景気循環論』A Contribution to the Theory of the Trade Cycle(1950)は、景気循環の分析に経済成長の要因を導入し、「制約循環」の理論を完成した。第三は成長理論、資本理論への貢献である。彼の『資本と成長』Capital and Growth(1965)は、経済成長と資本蓄積の分析の流れを整理し、さらにその展開を目ざしたものであり、『資本と時間』Capital and Time(1973)は、オーストリア学派の資本理論を導入して成長理論に新生面を開くことを試みたものである。さらに彼の著作には、『賃金の理論』The Theory of Wages(1932)、『経済の社会的構造』The Social Framework : An Introduction to Economics(1942)、『需要理論』A Revision of Demand Theory(1956)、『貨幣理論』Critical Essays in Monetary Theory(1967)、あるいは『世界経済論』Essays in World Economics(1959)、『経済史の理論』A Theory of Economic History(1969)、『経済動学の諸方法』Methods of Dynamic Economics(1985)などがあり、いずれも重要な一石を投じている。

[佐藤豊三郎]

『安井琢磨・熊谷尚夫訳『価値と資本』全二冊(1951・岩波書店)』『古谷弘訳『景気循環論』(1951・岩波書店)』『安井琢磨・福岡正夫訳『資本と成長』全二冊(1970・岩波書店)』『根岸隆訳『資本と時間』(1974・東洋経済新報社)』

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