Barrister

Japanese: barrister

In the UK, it is a private legal association that has the exclusive right to award barristers who can appear and argue in higher courts. It is also translated as the Institute of Law. There are four independent and equal inns (Lincoln's Inn, the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, and Gray's Inn), each run by its own senior members.

From the Judge:

…The Lord Chancellor, the highest ranking judge, is appointed by the King on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, but his position is the same as that of other ministers and he has no security of office. There are no set qualifications for the Lord Chancellor, but he is usually appointed from among those who hold the title of barrister (a barrister). The judges of the House of Lords and the Court of Appeal are appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister, the judges of the High Court are appointed by the King on the advice of the Lord Chancellor, and the other judges are appointed by the Lord Chancellor. …

From the legal profession

…In the 14th century, the Inns of Court were established, and a unique form of legal education was created. Higher-ranking lawyers (sergeants, later barristers) were united with judges under the system of “legal unity” and trained as lawyers in a guild-like format through empirical and technical legal education (these became the core of common law). Lower-ranking lawyers, attorneys, were seen as subject to the supervision of the court, but in the 16th century they formed a class of lawyers independent of barristers, and merged with the newly established solicitors into a single class. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "barrister" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…イギリスで，上位の裁判所に出廷し弁論活動をなしうる法廷弁護士barristerの資格付与権を独占している私的な法曹団体で，法曹学院とも訳されている。互いに独立かつ対等の四つのイン(リンカンズ･イン，イナー･テンプル，ミドル･テンプル，グレーズ･イン)があり，それぞれ自らの古参のメンバーにより運営されている。…

【裁判官】より

…裁判官の頂点に位する大法官Lord Chancellorは，国王が首相の推薦によって任命するが，その地位は他の大臣と同様であり，身分保障はない。大法官について，資格の定めはないが，バリスターbarrister―法廷弁護士の称号を有する者の中から，任命されるのが通例である。貴族院House of Lordsおよび控訴院Court of Appealの裁判官は，首相の助言に基づいて国王が任命し，高等法院High Courtの裁判官は，大法官の助言に基づいて国王が任命し，このほかの裁判官は大法官が任命する。…

【法曹】より

…14世紀にはインズ･オブ･コートができ，独特の法学教育の形態がつくり出された。上位の弁護士(サージャント，のちにはバリスターbarrister)が〈法曹一元〉の制度のもとに裁判官と一体感をもち，経験的･技術的な法学教育によるギルド的形態での法律家養成を行った(これがコモン･ローの中核的な担い手となる)。下位の弁護士たるアターニーattorneyは裁判所の監督に服すべき存在とみられていたが，16世紀にバリスターとは独立の法律家層を形成し，新たに成立したソリシターsolicitorとともに一つの階層にまとまっていった。…

※「barrister」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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