Appeldern, A.von (English spelling) AppeldernAvon

Japanese: Appeldern,A.von(英語表記)AppeldernAvon
Appeldern, A.von (English spelling) AppeldernAvon


[history]
Riga was once the homeland of the Finnic Libians, and the surrounding area was home to numerous Baltic Latvian noble families. German merchants began arriving in the 12th century, and in 1201 Bishop Albert von Appeldern (?-1229) built a German fortress there, and the following year the German Order of the Sword was founded. In 1236 the order was defeated by the Lithuanians in the Battle of Saule and absorbed into the Prussian German Order of Knights, which renamed itself the Livonian Order as a branch of the order, and Riga became its base.

From Livonia

...The name Livonia also originated from German merchants who appeared on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in the late 12th century, who called the Libian settlement near the mouth of the Western Dvina "Livland." The Libians strongly opposed the Catholic missionary work by German clergymen that began at the end of the 12th century, so an expedition to suppress the heretics was organized with the approval of the Pope. Albert von Appeldern, Bishop of Livonia, founded Riga in 1201 and established the Schwertbrüderorden (Schwertbrüderorden) in 1202. After conquering both banks of the Western Dvina, the Knights also invaded Courland and Estonia, the latter of which was conquered by Danish troops by 27. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Appeldern, A. von" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[歴史]
 リガは古くはフィン系リーブ人の地で,周辺にはバルト系ラトビア人の豪族が割拠していた。12世紀にドイツ商人が渡来するようになり,1201年に司教アルベルト・フォン・アッペルデルンAlbert von Appeldern(?‐1229)によってドイツ人の要塞が築かれ,翌年にはドイツ刀剣騎士修道会が創設された。36年同修道会はサウレの戦でリトアニア人に敗れ,プロイセンのドイツ騎士修道会に吸収され,その一派としてリボニア騎士修道会と改称,リガはその本拠地となった。…

【リボニア】より

…リボニアの地名も12世紀後半にバルト海東岸に現れたドイツ商人が西ドビナ河口付近のリーブ人の居住地を〈リーブ人の地Livland〉とよんだのに始まる。リーブ人は12世紀末に始まったドイツ聖職者によるカトリックの布教に強く反発したため,ローマ教皇の認可で異教徒討伐が組織され,リボニア司教アルベルト・フォン・アッペルデルンAlbert von Appeldernが1201年リガを建設し,02年,刀剣騎士修道会Schwertbrüderordenを設立した。騎士修道会は西ドビナ川両岸を征服したのち,クールランド,エストニアにも侵入し,後者にはデンマーク軍も進出して27年までに征服が完了した。…

※「Appeldern,A.von」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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