Wimak - Wimbledon

It is also written as 'Echi'. Although the tribes of Wi and Ma appear individually in classics such as the Book of Songs as ethnic groups living in northeastern China, the term 'Echi' first appears in the Records of the Grand Historian. The history and customs of the Wi people are described in detail in the section on Wi in the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Eastern Barbarians of Wei. They were already living on the east coast of the Korean peninsula in the latter half of the 2nd century BC, and when Emperor Wu of Han established four commanderies in Korea in 108 BC, they belonged to two commanderies, Lintun and Xuantu, and eventually came under the control of Lelang commandery. After the Christian era, they left the control of the Han and formed a tribal state around the 3rd century. They mainly engaged in fishing, and presented seafood to the commanderies. They worshiped the mountains and rivers, did not marry people of the same surname, and when someone died, they abandoned their old home and built a new one. There is also a theory that interprets Wimaek as a general term for the Maek tribe. It includes the Tungusic tribes that moved south to the northeastern part of the Korean Peninsula around the 3rd century BC under pressure from the Mongolian people and formed Buyeo, Goguryeo, and Okjeo. In the Nihon Shoki, Goguryeo is also written as Koma, indicating that Goguryeo was a Maek tribe.

[Kousaku Hamada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

穢貉とも書く。濊や貊は『詩経』などの古典に中国東北部に住む民族として個々にみえるが、「穢貉」の語は『史記』に初めて現れる。濊の民族は、『三国志』の『魏志東夷伝』(ぎしとういでん)の濊条にその歴史と習俗が詳しく伝えられている。すでに紀元前2世紀後半には朝鮮半島の東海岸地帯に住み、前108年に漢の武帝が朝鮮に四郡を設置すると、臨屯(りんとん)、玄菟(げんと)の二郡に属し、やがて楽浪(らくろう)郡の支配下に入った。紀元後には漢の支配を離れて、3世紀前後には部族国家を形成した。漁労をおもに行い、海産物を郡県に献上した。彼らは山川を崇拝し、同姓は結婚せず、死者が出れば旧家を捨て新居を建てたという。また、濊貊を貊種族の総称と解する説もある。前3世紀ごろモンゴル系民族に押されて朝鮮半島北東部に南下し、夫余(ふよ)、高句麗(こうくり)、沃沮(よくそ)を構成したツングース系の諸族を含むのである。『日本書紀』では高句麗を貊(こま)とも表現しており、高句麗が貊族であることを示している。

［浜田耕策］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例