A naval battle between the fleets of the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Liga Santa) off Cape Lepanto (now Naupactus) in the Gulf of Corinth in Greece in 1571. In light of the situation in Europe, such as the Dutch War of Independence, the Muslim revolt in Spain, and the French Wars of Religion, Ottoman Emperor Selim II decided to advance westward and wage war against Italy, occupying the island of Cyprus in 1570. As a result, Italian cities, which were declining due to the development of the East Indies route, felt greatly threatened and appealed to Pope Pius V, who called on Spain and the Italian states, and the Holy League was formed that same year. King Philip II of Spain, the center of the alliance, organized a fleet under Don Juan de Austria (1547-78) as commander to fight the Turkish fleet. The battle, which the writer Cervantes also participated in, ended in favor of the Holy League, and was a symbol of the Spanish Golden Age, but it also marked the end of the great naval battles in which slave rowers were the main force. [Yasuhiro Fukazawa] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1571年、ギリシアのコリント湾レパントLepanto(現在のナウパクトス)岬沖で、オスマン帝国と神聖同盟(リーガ・サンタLiga Santa)諸国の艦隊の間に行われた海戦。オスマン帝国皇帝セリム2世は、オランダ独立戦争、スペインのイスラム教徒反乱、フランス宗教戦争などのヨーロッパ情勢にかんがみ、西方への進出を企て対イタリア戦争を決意、1570年キプロス島を占領した。このため、東インド航路の発展によって衰色をみせていたイタリア諸都市は、大いに脅威を感じて教皇ピウス5世に訴え、教皇はスペインとイタリア諸邦に呼びかけて、この年神聖同盟がなった。同盟の中心、スペインのフェリペ2世は、ドン・フアン・デ・アウストリアDon Juan de Austria(1547―78)を司令官として艦隊を編成、トルコ艦隊と戦わせた。 作家セルバンテスも参加したこの海戦は、神聖同盟側の有利のうちに終わった。スペインの黄金時代を象徴する一戦であったが、また奴隷漕手(そうしゅ)を主力とする大海戦の最後でもあった。 [深澤安博] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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