Ruijusandaikyaku - Ruijusandaikyaku

This is a legal code that collects and reorganizes the three eras of Kōnin, Jōgan, and Engi by content. The enactment of the Engikaku did not invalidate the Kōnin and Jōgan codes, but rather all three eras were valid codes at the same time. The codes were arranged by government office, which made it difficult to search for codes when used as a legal code. Furthermore, in the mid-Heian period, when the Ritsuryo system of government collapsed, there was a trend toward emphasizing precedents and following court etiquette in politics. In response to this trend, the Ruiju Sandai Kaku was compiled as a project to organize precedents, and it is believed that it was compiled with reference to the Kansōjirui, Tenchō Kakushō, and Ruiju Kokushi. The order by government office was then revised, and the three eras were reorganized into shrine matters, provincial temple matters, and other categories. The editor is unknown, but it was compiled between 1002 (Choho 4) and 1089 (Kanji 3), and there are two versions of the manuscript, one with 12 volumes and one with 20 volumes. Neither version is complete, and even when combined there are still some missing parts, but it is an important historical resource for research into the Nara and early Heian periods. It is included in volume 25 of the Shintei Zoho Kokushi Taikei.

[Toshihiko Fukui]

"Ruiju Sandai Kaku" by Takashi Yoshida (included in "Kokushi Taikei Bibliographical Commentary, Volume 1", 1971, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

弘仁(こうにん)、貞観(じょうがん)、延喜(えんぎ)の三代の格を内容別に集めて再編成した法典。三代の格は『延喜格』が施行されれば弘仁、貞観の両格は無効となるというものではなく、三代の格は同時に有効な法典であった。そして格文は官司別に配列してあり、法典としての格の利用上、検索に不備な点があった。しかも律令(りつりょう)政治が崩れた平安中期の先例重視、政治の有職故実(ゆうそくこじつ)化の大勢のなかで、『類聚三代格』はその要求にこたえる典例整備事業として編纂(へんさん)されたもので、それは『官曹事類(かんそうじるい)』『天長格抄(てんちょうきゃくしょう)』『類聚国史』などを参考として編纂されたものと思われる。そこで官司別の配列を改め、三代の格を神社事、国分寺事などに再編成した。編者は不明であるが、1002年（長保4）から1089年（寛治3）の間の成立で、12巻本と20巻本の二系統の写本があるが、いずれも完全な写本ではなく、両者あわせてもなお一部に欠落があるが、奈良・平安初期研究の重要史料である。『新訂増補国史大系』巻25に収める。

［福井俊彦］

『吉田孝著『類聚三代格』（『国史大系書目解題　上巻』所収・1971・吉川弘文館）』

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