When incident light is reflected in irregular directions. When the direction of reflected light is determined using the laws of optical reflection at any one point on a surface, as in the case of a mirror (flat surface), the reflected light at other points is automatically determined without the need for further calculations. This is called regular reflection. In contrast, when the surface has complex irregularities, such as with ground glass, or when light penetrates the surface to a certain extent and is reflected back to the surface, as in milky white glass, irregular reflected light occurs from each point, regardless of the surface direction. This is called diffuse reflection. When viewed locally, the actual nature of diffuse reflection can be either geometric optical regular reflection at each point or wave optical diffraction and scattering phenomena must be taken into account, and care must be taken as it differs from case to case. [Kouzo Ishiguro and Takahiro Kuga] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
入射した光が不規則な方向に反射すること。鏡面(平面)のように、表面上の任意の1点で光学的な反射の法則を用いて反射光の方向を定めれば、他の点での反射光は改めて計算しなくても自動的に決まるような場合を正反射という。これに対し、磨(すり)ガラスのように表面に複雑な凹凸がある場合や、乳白色ガラスのようにある程度、中まで光が拡散浸入してそこで反射されて表面に戻ってくる場合は、表面の向きには関係なく各点からそれぞれ不規則な反射光が生ずる。これを乱反射という。乱反射の実体は、局所的にみればそれぞれの点で幾何光学的な正反射が生じている場合と、波動光学的な回折、散乱現象までも考慮しなければいけない場合とがあり、個々の事例ごとに異なっているから注意を要する。 [石黒浩三・久我隆弘] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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