Primary election

Japanese: 予備選挙 - よびせんきょ(英語表記)primary election
Primary election
The American electoral system. The two major parties, the Democratic and Republican parties, each hold primaries in each state, and the candidate who wins these state primaries becomes the party's official candidate. However, it is at the national party convention that the party officially nominates the candidate for president. In the 19th century in America, the power to select party candidates for various elections was held in the hands of some party leaders. To break this situation, progressives tried to introduce primary elections. States that decided to adopt this system required political parties to select party candidates through the votes of general party members at the state's expense. Most states have introduced this system for elections for public offices at the state level or below, and around 30 states also use it for elections of delegates to select presidential candidates.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アメリカの選挙制度。民主・共和の二大政党がそれぞれ各州で行い,これらの州の予備選挙を勝ち抜いた候補者がその政党の公認候補となる。ただし正式に党から大統領候補として指名されるのは,全国党大会である。 19世紀のアメリカでは各種選挙の政党候補者を選択する権限が政党の一部の幹部の手に握られていた。この状態を打破するため革新主義者が導入に努めたのが予備選挙である。この制度の採用に踏切った州では,州の費用によって党候補者を一般党員の投票によって選出することを政党に義務づけた。州段階以下の公職の選挙についてはほとんどの州がこの制度を導入しており,大統領候補選出代議員選挙についても 30州前後でこれを実施している。

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