Ioffe, Adol'f Abramovich

Japanese: ヨッフェ - Ｉｏｆｆｅ，Ａｄｏｌ’ｆＡｂｒａｍｏｖｉｃｈ

Year of death: 1927.11.17 (1927.11.17)
Year of birth: Russian calendar 1883.10.10 (1883.10.22)
Russian revolutionary and Soviet diplomat. Born into a wealthy Jewish merchant family in the Crimea, he studied medicine at the University of Berlin and law at the University of Zurich. In 1902 he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, and in 1908 he helped Trotsky edit the newspaper Pravda. He was arrested in Odessa in 1912 and exiled to Siberia, but returned to the capital after the February Revolution of 1917 and was elected a member of the Petrograd Soviet. He joined the Bolsheviks as a member of the District Union faction (Mezhilaiontsy) under Trotsky's leadership, and in October he contributed to the Bolsheviks' rise to power as an active member of the Soviet Military Revolutionary Committee. In December he was appointed Soviet representative at the Brest-Litovsk Peace Conference, but supported Trotsky's policy of "neither war nor peace." In 1922, he was appointed Soviet ambassador to China, and in 1923, at the invitation of Goto Shinpei, he came to Japan with the aim of restoring diplomatic relations between Japan and the Soviet Union. He committed suicide by shooting himself with a pistol, leaving behind a suicide note protesting Stalin's expulsion of Trotsky.

(Tsuguo Tonokawa)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：1927.11.17(1927.11.17)
生年：露暦1883.10.10(1883.10.22)
ロシアの革命家,ソビエトの外交官。クリミアの富裕なユダヤ人商人の家に生まれ,ベルリン大学で医学を,チューリヒ大学で法律を学んだ。1902年ロシア社会民主労働党に加入し,1908年にはトロツキーの新聞『プラウダ』の編集を手伝う。1912年オデッサで逮捕され,シベリア流刑となったが,1917年の2月革命のあと首都に戻り,ペトログラード・ソビエトのメンバーに選ばれる。トロツキー指導下の地区連合派(メジライオンツィ)の一員として,ボルシェヴィキに参加し,10月にはソビエト軍事革命委員会の積極的なメンバーとしてボルシェヴィキの政権獲得に貢献する。12月,ブレスト=リトフスク講和会議のソビエト代表に任命されたが,トロツキーの「戦争でも講和でもなく」の方針を支持する。1922年,ソ連の駐中国大使に任ぜられ,大正12(1923)年後藤新平の招きで日ソ国交回復の目的で来日した。スターリンによるトロツキー追放に抗議する遺書を残してピストル自殺をした。

(外川継男)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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