Dark tenant farming

Japanese: 闇小作 - やみこさく

This is a practice of farming by renting land in violation of the Agricultural Land Law and paying high illegal rents. One form of this is contract farming, which began to spread mainly in Western Japan around 1960. The Agricultural Land Law played a major role in increasing food production after World War II, but on the other hand, it fragmented farmland, creating many small-scale farmers who could not make a living from farming alone. In addition, as the Japanese economy grew rapidly, rural labor force moved to the cities, and small-scale farmers who lost workers had no choice but to let their farmland go to waste or sell it to illegal tenant farmers. However, as productivity improved due to the spread of agricultural machinery and the development of new farming methods, some farmers began to aspire to large-scale management. As a result, leasing and renting of land exceeded the regulations of the Agricultural Land Law, so the Agricultural Land Law was revised in 1970, agricultural land ownership rationalization corporations were established, and projects to promote agricultural land use aimed at efficient use of agricultural land and the expansion of agricultural management were implemented, opening the way to a land lease system by easing restrictions on leasing and tenant ownership.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

農地法に違反して土地を借り，高い闇小作料を払って農業を営むこと。 1960年頃から西日本を中心に広がりはじめた請負耕作もその一形態。農地法は第2次世界大戦後の食糧増産に大きな役割を果したが，反面，農地を細分化したため農業だけでは生活できない零細な自作農を多くつくってしまった。また，日本経済の高度成長によって農村労働力が都会に流出したため，働き手を失った零細農家は農地を荒れるにまかせるか闇小作に出すほかなくなる一方，農業機械の普及，新しい農法の発展などで生産性が向上してきたため，大規模経営を志す農家も出てきた。こうした事情から実際には農地法の規制を上回る貸借が行われるようになったため，70年に農地法を改正し，農地保有合理化法人をつくったり，農用地の効率的利用と農業経営の規模拡大をねらった農用地利用増進事業を実施したりして，賃貸借の制限緩和，小作地所有の緩和など借地主義への道を開こうとしている。

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