Falsetto - Uragoe

Japanese: 裏声 - うらごえ
Falsetto - Uragoe

A high, soft voice produced for special effects in vocal music or speech. Also called falsetto (meaning "fake" soprano), it is the opposite of facet voice or chest voice. It is a type of head voice that resonates in the head, but has a strong nasal element, and is characterized above all by the movement of the vocal cords themselves. In normal vocalization, the two opposing vocal cords vibrate by opening and closing rapidly, whereas in falsetto, they remain open and vibrate. In male voices, especially those with high notes such as tenors, a timbre that is significantly different from the chest voice is obtained, so it is often thought to be a phenomenon unique to male voices, but it also exists in female voices, the difference is just not as clear. When used in musical expression, the technique includes the rapid alternation of front and back (Alpine yodeling), use at specific points in the scale (such as the Aomori folk song "Hohai-bushi", Amami's Shimauta, Shinnai-bushi, and Kiyomoto-bushi, and overseas as in Mongolian Urtin-doo), and use throughout as a characteristic of a particular voice or singer (the higher voices in Renaissance polyphonic choirs).

[Osamu Yamaguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

声楽や発語で特殊な効果をねらって出す高く柔らかい声。仮声(かせい)、ファルセットfalsetto(「にせ」のソプラノの意)ともいい、表声、地声(じごえ)の反対。頭に共鳴させる頭声の一種であるが、鼻にかける要素が強く、なによりも声帯の運動自体に特色がある。通常の発声では、向かい合った2枚の声帯が急速に開閉しながら振動するのに対して、裏声では開いたままの状態で振動する。男声、とくにテノールなどの高音の人の場合に、地声と顕著に異なる音色が得られるので男声のみの現象かと考えられることが多いが、女声にもあり、ただ相違がはっきりしないだけである。音楽表現に利用されるときの技法としては、表裏の急速な交代(アルプスのヨーデル)、音階上の特定の箇所での使用(青森県の民謡『ホーハイ節』、奄美(あまみ)のシマウタ、新内節、清元(きよもと)節など、外国ではモンゴルのオルティンドーなど)、特定の声部や歌手の特徴として全体的に使用(ルネサンス期の多声合唱の高声部)などがある。

[山口 修]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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