Eye drops - eye drops

Japanese: 目薬 - めぐすり
Eye drops - eye drops

These are medicines that are applied directly to the eyes, and include eye drops, eye lotions, and eye ointments. All of these products are made from high-quality, pure ingredients, and the solvent, purified water, is as fresh as possible, and refined vegetable oils are used. All products are sterile preparations.

[Fumiji Koho]

Eye drops

Eye drops are liquid medicines that must be free from contamination by microorganisms, free from foreign matter, isotonic with tears, and not excessively acidic or alkaline. Depending on their medicinal effects, they can be used as astringents, mydriatics, miotics, glaucoma treatments, cataract treatments, vasoconstrictors, local anesthetics, antibiotics, sulfa drugs, antivirals, corticosteroids, vitamins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corneal protectants, and are used for their respective indications. In addition, there are sodium cromoglycate eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis and conjunctival hay fever, and artificial tears (eye drops for contact lenses) are also available commercially.

General eye drops commonly known as eye drops include those containing sulfa drugs that are effective for conjunctivitis (pink eye), styes, blepharitis (red eyes), blepharitis (sore eyes), and dacryocystitis (watery eyes); those containing vitamins B12 and B6 , neostigmine methylsulfate, pheniramine maleate, aminoethylsulfonic acid, naphazoline hydrochloride, etc., which are primarily used to treat eye fatigue and conjunctival congestion; eye drops for children that contain vitamins such as vitamins B6 , B2 , and B12 , allantoin, and naphazoline hydrochloride, etc., and are used to prevent eye diseases and eye fatigue after swimming; and those that are primarily made of electrolytes similar to the composition of tears and are used to treat eye fatigue, eye inflammation caused by ultraviolet rays, when wearing contact lenses, and to prevent general eye diseases.

In addition, the capacity of the conjunctival sac of an adult is 0.02 milliliters, which is roughly half the amount of one drop of eye drops (0.04 to 0.05 milliliters), so if more than one drop is applied at a time, it will overflow or flow through the tear duct, resulting in waste. Also, if two types of eye drops are required, they should be applied at least five minutes apart.

[Fumiji Koho]

Eyewash

Eyewashes are used for cleaning purposes, and contain 1% saline solution or 2% boric acid solution. Nowadays, they are rarely used except for disinfecting during surgery or removing stray foreign bodies.

[Fumiji Koho]

Eye ointment

It is an ointment applied to the conjunctival sac or eyelid margin and usually contains disinfectants, antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents, mydriatics, and miotics, and the base is generally a soft, high-quality petrolatum or plastibase.

[Fumiji Koho]

[Reference] | Eyewash | Eye drops

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

目に直接適用される薬剤で、点眼剤eye dropsと洗眼剤eye lotionおよび眼軟膏(なんこう)剤ophthalmic ointmentが含まれる。いずれも原料は純良なものが選ばれ、溶剤である精製水はできるだけ新しいものを使用し、植物油は精製したものを用いる。製品はすべて無菌製剤である。

[幸保文治]

点眼剤

液状の医薬品である点眼液で、微生物などによる汚染がないこと、異物を含まないこと、涙液と等張であること、著しく酸性またはアルカリ性でないこと、などが条件とされる。薬効により、収斂(しゅうれん)剤、散瞳(さんどう)剤、縮瞳剤、緑内障治療剤、白内障治療剤、血管収縮剤、局所麻酔剤、抗生物質、サルファ剤、抗ウイルス剤、コルチコステロイド剤、ビタミン剤、非ステロイド性消炎剤、角膜保護剤などがあり、それぞれの適応症に用いられる。このほか、アレルギー性結膜炎や結膜花粉症の点眼用としてクロモグリク酸ナトリウムの点眼液があり、人工涙液(コンタクトレンズ用点眼液)も市販されている。

 俗に目薬とよばれている一般用の点眼液には、結膜炎(はやり目)、麦粒腫(ばくりゅうしゅ)(ものもらい)、眼瞼縁(がんけんえん)炎(はれ目)、眼瞼びらん(ただれ目)、涙嚢(るいのう)炎(なみだ目)に有効なサルファ剤入りのもの、眼精疲労や結膜充血などをおもな適応としたビタミンB12・B6、メチル硫酸ネオスチグミン、マレイン酸フェニラミン、アミノエチルスルホン酸、塩酸ナファゾリンなどを配合したもの、ビタミンB6・B2・B12などのビタミン類、アラントイン、塩酸ナファゾリンなどを配合して水泳後の眼病予防や眼精疲労などを適応とした小児用の点眼液、眼精疲労、紫外線などによる眼炎、コンタクトレンズ装着時、一般眼病の予防といった目的で使用される涙液の組成に似た電解質を主成分としたものなどがある。

 なお、成人の結膜嚢の収容量は0.02ミリリットルであり、点眼液の1滴(0.04~0.05ミリリットル)の約半量に相当するので、1回に1滴以上点眼してもあふれたり涙道を経て流れてしまい、むだになる。また、2種類の点眼を必要とする場合は5分以上の間隔を置いて点眼する。

[幸保文治]

洗眼剤

洗浄を目的とする洗眼液で、1%食塩水や2%ホウ酸水などが使われる。現在では、手術時の消毒や迷入した異物の排除などの目的以外には、ほとんど使われなくなった。

[幸保文治]

眼軟膏剤

結膜嚢(のう)または眼瞼縁に適用される軟膏(なんこう)で、通常、殺菌剤、抗生物質、抗ヒスタミン剤、抗炎症剤、散瞳剤、縮瞳剤などを含有し、基剤としては一般に軟稠(なんちゅう)良質のワセリンやプラスチベースが用いられる。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 洗眼 | 点眼剤

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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