It is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the western part of the Russian Federation, and one of the heavy industrial cities in the Urals. It is located on the western slope of the southern Ural Mountains, where the Ufa and Zhomma rivers flow into the Belaya River. Population 1,088,900 (1999). With the development of the Ural-Volga oil fields after the Russian Revolution (1917), industry developed rapidly. It accounts for about 40% of the industrial production in the Republic of Bashkortostan, and industries include machinery and equipment for oil and natural gas extraction, automobile engines, geophysical measuring equipment manufacturing, cables, telephones, and electrical equipment. In addition, various industries such as refining of oil shipped from nearby Tuimaz, Ishimbai, and various parts of Western Siberia, petrochemicals (synthetic rubber, ethyl alcohol, phenol, polyethylene, etc.), food (flour milling, canned meat), wood processing (furniture, panels), textiles, and sewing are well developed. The city's origins date back to the construction of a fortress in 1574, and it was incorporated as a city in 1886. In the 17th century, it was a major commercial center on the route from central Russia to Siberia. In 1788, it became the religious center of Muslims in all of Russia, and industry developed in the late 19th century. Currently, as the educational and cultural center of the Republic of Bashkortostan, it is home to a university, as well as universities of petroleum, aviation, medicine, agriculture, arts, and education, various research institutes of the Bashkortostan branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Majit Ghafuri Museum of National Poetry, the Bashkortostan Theatre, the Russian Theatre, a puppet theatre, a circus, a local museum, and a symphony orchestra. The city stretches for more than 40 kilometers along the right bank of the Belaya River, and also extends to the left bank. It is a junction of railways, highways, and oil and gas pipelines, and has a river port and an airport. [Taizo Nakamura] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦西部、バシコルトスタン共和国の首都で、ウラルの重工業都市の一つ。ウラル山脈南部の西斜面、ウファ川とジョーマ川がベーラヤ川に流入する地点にある。人口108万8900(1999)。ロシア革命(1917)後のウラル・ボルガ油田の開発とともに、工業が急速に発達した。バシコルトスタン共和国の工業生産の約40%を占め、石油・天然ガス採取工業用機械・設備、自動車用エンジン、地球物理測定器具製作、ケーブル、電話機、電気工業設備などの工業がある。このほか、近郊のツイマズ、イシムバイや西シベリアの各地から送られてくる石油の精製、石油化学(合成ゴム、エチルアルコール、フェノール、ポリエチレンなど)、食品(製粉、食肉缶詰)、木材加工(家具、パネル)、繊維、縫製などの各種工業が発達している。 市の起源は1574年に要塞(ようさい)がつくられたことに始まり、1886年に市となった。17世紀には、ロシア中部からシベリアへ至る交通路上の大商業中心地であった。1788年、全ロシアのイスラム教徒の宗教中心地となり、19世紀後半より工業が発展した。現在、バシコルトスタン共和国の教育・文化の中心として、総合大学があるほか、石油、航空、医科、農業、芸術、教育の諸大学、ロシア科学アカデミー・バシコルトスタン支部の各種研究所、民族詩人マジト・ガフリ博物館、バシコルトスタン劇場、ロシア劇場、人形劇場、サーカス場、郷土博物館などの施設や交響楽団がある。市域はベーラヤ川右岸に沿って40キロメートル以上も延び、左岸にも拡大している。鉄道、ハイウェー、石油・ガスパイプラインの分岐点で、河港、空港がある。 [中村泰三] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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