It means "one who strives," but in Islamic theology and jurisprudence it means one who performs the act of determining doctrine and enacting laws, that is, ijtihad. Islamic jurisprudence has not recognized the existence of mujtahids since the 10th century, and all subsequent scholars have been considered muqallids (ones who simply follow what has been established by past authorities), but scholars of the Zahir school and individuals such as Ibn Tumart and Ibn Taymiyyah still claimed to be mujtahids. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
〈努力する者〉を意味するが,イスラム神学・法学の用語としては,教義決定および立法の行為,すなわちイジュティハードを行う者を意味する。イスラム法学は10世紀以後ムジュタヒドの存在を認めず,その後の学者はすべてムカッリドmuqallid(過去の権威によって確立されたところにそのまま従う者)であるとするが,ザーヒル派の学者たちと,個人としてはイブン・トゥーマルト,イブン・タイミーヤらは依然として自らムジュタヒドであると主張した。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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