Eilhard Mitscherlich

Japanese: ミッチェルリヒ - みっちぇるりひ(英語表記)Eilhard Mitscherlich
Eilhard Mitscherlich

German chemist. He first studied Oriental languages ​​at the University of Heidelberg, then Persian at the University of Paris. He had hoped to be sent as a diplomat to Persia by Napoleon, but returned to Germany after Napoleon's downfall. He began studying medicine at the University of Göttingen, hoping to serve as a ship's surgeon on a ship bound for the East. However, his interest in chemistry grew, and he went to Berlin to study crystallography. During this time, he noticed the similarity in the crystal forms of potassium phosphate and potassium arsenate. After some research, he confirmed that most metal sulfates have the same crystal form if they have the same amount of water of crystallization (1818-1819). He continued his research under Berzelius in Stockholm for another two years, and generalized his previous discovery as the isomorphism law (1822). In other words, the shape of a crystal is determined only by the number of constituent atoms and the way they are bonded, not by the properties of the atoms. Therefore, compounds that have the same crystal form should have similar molecular formulas. Berzelius used the isomorphism law to determine molecular formulas, which allowed him to calculate atomic weights more accurately. However, Mitscherlich also discovered that the same phosphate salt could take different crystal forms (heteromorphism) through recrystallization. This made Aui's idea of ​​characterizing each compound by the angle of the crystal cleavage plane invalid. In the field of organic chemistry, he studied benzene and its derivatives. His consideration of the dehydrating action of sulfuric acid led him to approach the idea of ​​catalysis, and he studied fermentation from that perspective. He also invented a practical saccharometer. He was professor of chemistry at the University of Berlin and was engaged in research and teaching for many years.

[Akira Yoshida]

[References] | Aui | Law of minimum quantity | Isomorphism | Berzelius | Benzene | Aromatic compounds | Mitchellrich's sugar meter

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの化学者。初めハイデルベルク大学で東洋語を学び、ついでパリ大学でペルシア語を修得した。ナポレオンにより、ペルシアに外交官として派遣されることを望んでいたが、ナポレオンが失脚したためドイツに戻った。そして船医として東洋に向かう船に乗り込むことを期待して、ゲッティンゲン大学で医学の勉強を始めた。しかし化学への関心が増大し、ベルリンへ行き結晶学を学んだ。その際、リン酸カリウムとヒ酸カリウムの結晶形の類似に気づいた。研究のすえ、金属硫酸塩の多くは結晶水の量が等しければ同じ結晶形をとることを確認した(1818~1819)。さらに2年ほど、ストックホルムのべルツェリウスのもとで研究を続け、先の発見を同形律として一般化した(1822)。すなわち、結晶の形は原子の性質にはよらず、構成原子の数および結合の仕方のみで決まる。よって、同じ結晶形をとる化合物は、互いに分子式が似ているはずである。ベルツェリウスは、分子式の決定に同形律を利用し、原子量をより正確に算定できるようになった。しかしミッチェルリヒはまた、同じリン酸塩が、再結晶により異なった結晶形をとりうる(同質異形)こともみいだした。これにより、結晶の劈開(へきかい)面の角度で各化合物を特徴づけようとしたアウイの考えは、成り立たなくなった。有機化学の分野では、ベンゼンとその誘導体を研究した。硫酸の脱水作用の考察から触媒の考えに近づき、発酵をその観点から研究した。また、実用的な検糖計を考案した。彼はベルリン大学の化学教授として、長く研究と教育に従事した。

[吉田 晃]

[参照項目] | アウイ | 最少量の法則 | 同形 | ベルツェリウス | ベンゼン | 芳香族化合物 | ミッチェルリヒの検糖計

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Mitsuchi Chuzo

>>:  Michell, John

Recommend

Chancay

…the Peruvian culture flourished around 1000-1400...

Iwata belt

A belly band worn by pregnant women. The term Iwa...

Food combination - food combination

It is a poisoning thought to occur when two or mor...

Artemisia lactiflora (English name) Artemisia actiflora

…[Hiroshi Aramata]. … *Some of the terminology th...

Amidaji Temple (Wakayama)

...The indented coastline, the rough waves of the...

Inexhaustible Plum Blossoms - Baikamujinzo

A collection of poems and prose by the mid-Muromac...

isocyanide

…It is also called carbylamine or isocyanide. It ...

Laboratory school

…Dewey accomplished two groundbreaking accomplish...

Iseyo doodles - Iseyo doodles

…It is distributed from Hokkaido to Kyushu, the K...

Foot - Futo (English spelling) foot

A unit of length in the imperial system, the plur...

Safety color - Anzenshikisai (English) safety color

Colors that indicate the safety of dangerous area...

Master of the Playing Cards

A copperplate engraver from the Upper Rhine region...

State space

For example, in the case of the motion of a point ...

Kalojan

...The Byzantines marched to Tarnovo to fight bac...

Wylie, A.

…The Jesuit Matteo Ricci (Chinese name: Limadou) ...