A phenomenon in which phytoplankton proliferate abnormally in freshwater fishponds and lakes, floating on the water surface in clumps or thin layers. It is more likely to occur when the water temperature is high and there are many nutrients, and is considered a condition for determining whether a lake is eutrophic. The species that form water blooms include blue-green algae such as Microcystis, Anabeana, and Aphanizomenon, yellow-green algae such as Botryococcus, dinoflagellates such as Ceratium, green algae such as Euglena, and diatoms such as Melosira. In static-water eel farming, Microcystis in particular is actively allowed to multiply, supplying oxygen to the pond water through photosynthesis, and removing inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the fish waste and leftover food as nutrients from the pond water. Phytoplankton also help the fish to feel at ease and stabilize water temperature fluctuations. [Kobashi Tsuguo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
淡水域の養魚池や湖沼で、植物プランクトンが異常繁殖して、水面に塊状または薄層状となって浮いている現象。水温が高く、栄養塩類が多いと発生しやすく、富栄養湖の判定の条件とされる。水の華を形成する種類はミクロシスティスMicrocystis、アナベナAnabeana、アファニゾメノンAphanizomenonなどの藍藻(らんそう)類、ボツリオコッカスBotryococcusなどの黄緑色藻類、ケラチウムCeratiumなどの渦鞭毛(うずべんもう)類、ユーグレナEuglenaなどのミドリムシ藻類、メロシラMelosiraなどの珪藻(けいそう)類などである。 ウナギの止水式養魚では、とくにミクロシステスを積極的に繁殖させ、光合成により池水に酸素を補給させ、また魚の排出物や残餌(ざんじ)などからの無機態窒素、リンなどを栄養塩類として池水から除去させている。また、植物プランクトンは魚に落ち着きを与え、水温変動を安定させる役目もある。 [小橋二夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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