Successor to the Knights of John. Since 1309 it has been the Knights of Rhodes, and was renamed in 1530 when Holy Roman Emperor Charles V handed over the island of Malta to the Order. It has continued to exist under this name even after the island was seized by Napoleon I in 1798. The Order's mission at the time of its founding (1113) was to provide relief for pilgrims and fight in the Crusades, and even after the Crusades failed, it did not abandon its strategy against Islam, relentlessly fighting the Ottoman Turkish army in the 15th and 16th centuries. It is known for its tradition of running hospitals and its naval power. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ヨハネ騎士団の後身。1309年以来ロードス騎士団となり,1530年神聖ローマ皇帝カール5世からマルタ島を譲渡され改称した。1798年ナポレオン1世に同島を奪われた後もこの名称で今日まで存続している。創立時(1113)の活動方針であった巡礼救護と十字軍戦闘を使命として,十字軍挫折後も対イスラム戦略を放棄せず,15~16世紀にはオスマン・トルコ軍と執拗に戦い続けた。病院経営の伝統と海軍力の保持を特色とする。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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