MacDowell, Edward (Alexander)

Japanese: マクダウェル(英語表記)MacDowell, Edward (Alexander)
MacDowell, Edward (Alexander)
Born: December 18, 1860, New York, New York
[Died] January 23, 1908. New York, New York. American composer. He studied piano in New York, and studied at the Paris Conservatory from 1876 and the Frankfurt Conservatory from 1878. He then stayed in Germany before returning to Japan in 1888. In 1889, he performed his own Piano Concerto No. 2 in New York and gained fame. He served as the first dean of the Columbia University School of Music from 1896 to 1904, but resigned due to disagreements with the university authorities, and spent his final years tragically due to mental overwork. After his death, his wife built a summer art colony for American writers and composers on the site of his home. Although his style was in the tradition of European romanticism, he also composed uniquely American music, such as the suite "Indian" (1892), which was based on American Indians.

McDowell
McDowell, Ephraim

Born November 11, 1771 in Rockbridge, Virginia.
Died June 25, 1830, Danville. American surgeon. Pioneer of abdominal surgery. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, returned to America in 1795, and opened a practice in Danville. In December 1809, he successfully removed an ovarian tumor weighing about 9 kg from Mrs. J. Crawford, who was 47 years old, and she lived in good health for over 30 years. He performed surgery on two more patients and reported the results in 1817, but this surgery had previously been thought to be impossible, so it attracted a lot of doubt and distrust. However, by 1824, he had performed 12 oophorectomies, with only one death. He also achieved good results in surgeries for hernias and bladder stones.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1860.12.18. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
[没]1908.1.23. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国の作曲家。ニューヨークでピアノを学び,1876年よりパリ音楽院,1878年よりフランクフルト音楽院に留学,続いてドイツに滞在し,1888年に帰国。翌1889年自作の『ピアノ協奏曲第2番』をニューヨークで演奏し名声を博した。1896~1904年はコロンビア大学音楽部の初代学部長を務めたが,大学当局と意見が合わずに辞任し,精神的過労のため悲劇的な晩年を送った。死後住居跡に夫人によりアメリカの作家,作曲家のための夏季の芸術村が建設された。作風はヨーロッパのロマン派の伝統を継いでいるが,アメリカインディアンに取材した組曲『インディアン』 (1892) などアメリカ独自の音楽も作曲した。

マクダウェル
McDowell, Ephraim

[生]1771.11.11. バージニア,ロックブリッジ
[没]1830.6.25. ダンビル
アメリカの外科医。腹部外科の先駆者。エディンバラ大学で医学を修め,1795年アメリカに帰り,ダンビルで開業。 1809年 12月に 47歳になる J.クロフォード夫人の約 9kgもある卵巣腫瘍の摘出に成功,夫人はその後三十余年間健康に過した。さらに2人の手術を行い,17年に成績を報告したが,この手術は従来不可能とされていただけに,多くの疑惑と不信を買った。しかし,24年までに卵巣摘除術を 12例手がけ,死亡は1例のみであった。ほかにヘルニアや膀胱結石の手術でも好成績を収めている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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