Vologda is the capital of Vologda Oblast in northwestern Russia. It is a river port city on the Vologda River, a tributary of the Sukhona River, about 400 km north-northeast of Moscow. It is an ancient Russian city that was founded by merchants from Novgorod as a key trading point, and appears in records from 1147. It became part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1478, and in the 16th and 17th centuries it flourished as a major center of handicrafts and as a key location for controlling the trade route to the trading port of Arkhangelsk on the White Sea coast. In the 18th century, the development of St. Petersburg shifted the center of foreign trade to the Baltic Sea, and the city's importance declined, but it began to develop again after the Russian Revolution, and industries such as machinery (wood processing machinery, railway cars, ship repair), food (meat, brewing, oils and fats), flax processing, sewing, and brick making developed. The city has a pedagogical university, a dairy university, and preserved churches such as St. Sophia Cathedral (16th-17th century) and Voskresensky Cathedral (18th century). It is a junction of railways and highways. Population: 301,642 (2010). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシア北西部,ボログダ州の州都。モスクワの北北東約 400km,スホナ川支流ボログダ川にのぞむ河港都市。通商の要地としてノブゴロドの商人によりつくられたロシアの古都で,1147年から記録に現れる。 1478年モスクワ大公国領に入り,16~17世紀には手工業の大中心地として,また白海沿岸の貿易港アルハンゲリスクへ通じる通商路を押える要地として繁栄した。 18世紀サンクトペテルブルグの発展によりバルト海方面に外国貿易の中心が移り,市の重要性は薄れたが,ロシア革命後再び発展しはじめ,機械 (木材加工業用機械,鉄道車両,船舶修理) ,食品 (食肉,醸造,油脂) ,アマ (亜麻) 加工,縫製,煉瓦製造などの工業が発達した。教育大学,酪農大学があり,聖ソフィア大聖堂 (16~17世紀) ,ボスクレセンスキー大聖堂 (18世紀) などが保存されている。鉄道,ハイウェーの分岐点。人口 30万1642(2010)。
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