Nursery teacher - almost

Japanese: 保母 - ほぼ
Nursery teacher - almost

It was the job title for women who worked in childcare at child welfare facilities such as daycare centers and child welfare institutions, but with the revision of the Child Welfare Act in 1998, it was changed to "childcare worker" as a title suitable for both men and women (implemented in 1999).

The term "hobi" was originally "hom" (almost), and was used to refer to women who looked after young children in kindergartens. However, with the enactment of the School Education Act in 1947 (Showa 22), when kindergartens became schools like elementary schools, the title was changed from "hobi" to "kyoushi" (teacher), and not only women but also men could obtain the qualifications and become kindergarten teachers. After that, the term "hobi" was used only for females who worked in childcare at child welfare facilities, but in 1977, the Enforcement Order of the Child Welfare Act was revised, and men were also referred to as "equivalent to a hobi" and could work in childcare at child welfare facilities just like hobi workers. Furthermore, in April 1999 (Heisei 11), with the implementation of the revision of the Child Welfare Act, the term "hobi-shi" (nursery teacher) has been used.

[Masaaki Okada]

[Reference] | Childcare worker

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

保育所、児童養護施設など児童福祉施設において児童の保育に従事する女性の職名であったが、1998年(平成10)の児童福祉法改正により、男性・女性のいずれにもふさわしい名称として「保育士」に改められた(実施は1999年から)。

 保母は、もと保姆(ほぼ)という用語で、幼稚園で幼児を保育する女性に用いられていた。しかし、1947年(昭和22)制定の学校教育法によって、幼稚園が小学校などと同様、学校となるとき、従来の保姆でなく教諭に改められ、女性だけでなく男性もその資格を得、幼稚園教諭となることができるようになった。その後、保母は児童福祉施設で保育に従事する女子だけの名称となったが、1977年、児童福祉法施行令が改正され、男子も「保母に準ずるもの」と呼称され、保母同様児童福祉施設において児童の保育に従事することができるようになった。さらに1999年(平成11)4月より児童福祉法の改正実施で「保育士」が用いられている。

[岡田正章]

[参照項目] | 保育士

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