This refers to a top dressing applied 20 to 25 days before the ears of rice or wheat begin to differentiate in order to improve the development of the ears. Generally, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and urea are used alone, but in warm areas west of the Kanto region, potassium is sometimes used in combination. The amount of nitrogen applied varies greatly depending on the weather, region, soil conditions, and cultivar, but the standard is 2 to 3 kilograms of nitrogen per 10 ares. Ear dressing is applied when the rice roots are most developed, so it is well absorbed and has a significant effect on increasing yields. However, if the amount of nitrogen is sufficient but the weather after ears is not good, there is a risk of reduced yields and poor taste due to the promotion of lodging, poor ripening, and the induction of pests and diseases. It is applied almost nationwide, except in cool regions and areas where the natural supply of nitrogen is extremely high. [Yuki Koyama] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
水稲や麦などの穂の発育をよくする目的で、穂の分化が始まる出穂(しゅっすい)前20~25日ごろに施される追肥(ついひ)のことをいう。一般には硫安、尿素などの速効性窒素肥料が単独で用いられるが、関東以西の暖地ではカリ(カリウム)が併用されることもある。施用量は、気象、地域、土壌条件、栽培品種などによってかなり違うが、窒素として10アール当り2~3キログラムが標準である。穂肥は水稲の根がもっともよく発達している時期に施されるために、吸収がよく増収効果も著しい。しかし窒素が十分でしかも出穂後の天候がよくない場合には倒伏の助長や登熟(稔(みの)り)の悪化、病害虫の誘発などにより減収と食味の低下を招く危険もある。冷地や極端に窒素天然供給量が多い場合を除いて、ほぼ全国的に施用されている。 [小山雄生] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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