Legal stability

Japanese: 法的安定性 - ほうてきあんていせい
Legal stability

Legal certainty refers to a state in which the legal order is clearly and stably applied, and it is possible to predict which legal effects will be associated with which actions. Conditions for this include laws that are not constantly changed, laws that are interpreted and applied unambiguously, and that judges and government officials do not interpret them in various ways. However, if only legal stability is emphasized, it is easy to invite situations in which individual circumstances and concrete appropriateness are ignored. This is where the problem of legal application arises, namely the contradiction between legal stability and concrete appropriateness, and which is emphasized varies depending on the legal field. For example, commercial transaction law, which emphasizes the safety of transactions, emphasizes legal stability, while family law emphasizes concrete appropriateness. Jerome Frank and others have criticized the belief in legal stability as nothing more than a myth.

[Ryuichi Nagao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

法秩序が明確で安定して適用され、どのような行為にどのような法的効果が結び付くか予見可能な状態を法的安定性legal certaintyという。それには、法律が朝令暮改でないこと、法の解釈適用が一義的で、裁判官や役所の窓口によってさまざまな解釈が行われることのないこと、などが条件としてあげられる。しかし、法的安定性だけが強調されると、個別的事情や具体的妥当性が無視される事態を招きやすい。ここに法的安定性と具体的妥当性の矛盾という法運用の問題があり、法領域によってそのいずれに重点を置くかが異なる。たとえば、取引の安全を重視する商取引法などは法的安定性を重視するが、親族法などでは具体的妥当性のほうが重視される。ジェローム・フランクなどは法的安定性の信仰を神話にすぎないとして批判した。

[長尾龍一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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