Penza is the capital of the Penza Oblast in western Russia. It is located on the western slope of the hills along the Volga River, where the Penza River flows into the Sura River. It began with the construction of a fortress to protect Russia's southern border in 1666, and after the Crimean Tatar invasions ceased, it developed into an agricultural center in the region and supplied grain to Moscow. Agricultural product processing is still active today, but the main industry is the mechanical industry (clocks, calculators, diesel engines, compressors, medical equipment, chemical and textile machinery, bicycles), with other industries including furniture, paper, and pianos. There are educational and cultural facilities such as educational, technical, mechanical, and agricultural universities, an astronomical observatory, a puppet theater, a circus, a local museum, and an art museum. It is a transportation hub about 550 km southeast of Moscow, where railways and highways branch off, and there is also an airport. Population 517,137 (2010). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシア西部,ペンザ州の州都。ボルガ川沿岸丘陵西斜面,スラー川にペンザ川が流入する地点にある。 1666年ロシアの南境を守る要塞が建設されたことに始り,クリミア・タタールの侵入がなくなったのち,この地域の農業中心地として発展,モスクワへ穀物を供給した。現在も農産物加工業が盛んであるが,工業の中心は機械工業 (時計,計算機,ディーゼルエンジン,コンプレッサ,医療器具,化学・繊維機械,自転車) で,ほかに家具,製紙,ピアノなどの工業がある。教育,工科,機械,農業の各大学,天文台,人形劇場,サーカス場,郷土博物館,美術館などの教育・文化施設がある。モスクワの南東約 550kmにあたる交通の要地で,鉄道,ハイウェーが分岐し,空港もある。人口 51万7137(2010)。
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