An ancient Egyptian city located in the northeastern suburbs of Cairo. Its name means "City of the Sun," and tells us its history as the center of solar worship (Aton and Ra) in ancient Egypt. It dates back to the First Dynasty when a solar temple was built and a priesthood was formed here. It developed to the point where it influenced the king's name in the Second Dynasty, and from the time when Imhotep, the head of the priesthood, became the prime minister of King Djoser and built the pyramids in the Third Dynasty, it became a belief system directly linked to the Egyptian kingship throughout the history of ancient Egypt, and became the backbone of the "Pyramid Texts" in the Fifth Dynasty. Senusret I of the 12th Dynasty built a great temple and an obelisk here. One of the obelisks still stands today. During the Ptolemaic period, Greek scholars studied here. It declined after the Roman period. [Denroku Sakai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代エジプトの都市。カイロの東北郊外に位置する。名称は「太陽の都」を意味し、古代エジプトの太陽信仰(アトンおよびラー)の中心地であった歴史を物語っている。ここに太陽信仰の神殿ができ祭司団が形成されたのは、第一王朝時代にさかのぼる。第二王朝で王名に作用するほど発達し、第三王朝で祭司団長イムホテプが、ジョセル王の宰相となってピラミッドを建造したときから、古代エジプト全史を通じてエジプト王権と直結する信仰体系となり、第五王朝で「ピラミッド・テキスト」の骨格となった。第12王朝のセンウスレト1世は、ここに大神殿とオベリスクを建てた。オベリスクの1本はいまも立っている。プトレマイオス朝時代に、ギリシアの学者はここで学問を修めた。ローマ支配時代以降衰えていった。 [酒井傳六] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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