Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von

Japanese: シェリング（英語表記）Schelling， Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von

Born January 27, 1775 in Leonberg, Württemberg
Died: August 20, 1854. Ragaz. German philosopher. Starting from Fichte's theory of knowledge in the lineage of German idealism, he established his own natural philosophy in order to grasp nature, which was thought to be something that should be excluded, in the same principle as spirit, and later systematized it as the philosophy of identity. In particular, he gave a high position to art as an organon or certificate of philosophy, which earned him great sympathy from the romantics of the time and made him their philosophical spokesman. After Hegelian philosophy became mainstream, he preached a positive philosophy, arguing that his own philosophy of identity, like Hegel's absolute dialectic, was merely a negative philosophy that could not reach God himself as the absolute, but this was not accepted by the world and he died in obscurity. His major works include System des transzendentalen Idealism (1800) and Philosophical Investigations on the Essence of Human Freedom (09).

Schelling
Schelling, Thomas C.

Born: April 14, 1921 in Oakland, California
[Died] December 13, 2016. Bethesda, Maryland. American economist. Full name: Thomas Crombie Schelling. Graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1944, and received his PhD from Harvard University in 1951. Worked at the Office of the Budget from 1945 to 1946, worked on the Marshall Plan in Europe from 1948 to 1950, and served in the White House from 1951 to 1953. He later served as professor at Yale University (1953-58), Harvard University (1958-90), and the University of Maryland (1990-2003). In the mid-1950s, with the Cold War as a trigger, he advocated the need to apply game theory to national security and the arms race, and published The Strategy of Conflict in 1960. In 2005, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with Israeli mathematician Robert J. Auman in recognition of his contributions to expanding the scope of application of game theory and helping to resolve conflicts and avoid war. He is the author of many books, including Choice and Consequence (1984).

Schelling
Szeryng, Henryk

Born: September 22, 1918, Warsaw
[Died] March 2, 1988. Kassel. A Mexican violinist born in Poland. While teaching at the University of Mexico, he performed as a soloist in Europe and the United States. Known for his excellent interpretations of Bach, he also conducted in his later years. He came to Japan in 1964.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1775.1.27. ウュルテンベルク，レオンベルク
[没]1854.8.20. ラーガツ
ドイツの哲学者。ドイツ観念論の系譜のなかで，フィヒテの知識学から出発し，そこでは排除されるべきものとして考えられていた自然をも，精神と同一の原理において把握するために独自の自然哲学を立て，のちに同一哲学として体系化した。特に芸術を哲学のオルガノンないし証書としてこれに高い位置を与えたことなどから，当時のロマン主義者たちから大きな共感を得，その哲学的代弁者と考えられた。その後ヘーゲル哲学が主流を占めるようになってからは，みずからの同一哲学をもヘーゲルの絶対的な弁証法と同じく，絶対者として神そのものにいたりえない消極哲学にすぎないとして，積極哲学を説いたが，世に受入れられず不遇のうちにこの世を去った。主著『先験的観念論の体系』 System des transzendentalen Idealismus (1800) ，『人間的自由の本質についての哲学的考察』 Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit (09) 。

シェリング
Schelling, Thomas C.

[生]1921.4.14. カリフォルニア，オークランド
[没]2016.12.13.　メリーランド，ベセスダ
アメリカ合衆国の経済学者。フルネーム Thomas Crombie Schelling。1944年カリフォルニア大学バークリー校を卒業，1951年ハーバード大学で博士号を取得。1945～46年連邦予算局で働き，1948～50年ヨーロッパでマーシャル・プランに携わり，1951～53年大統領府に勤務。その後エール大学（1953～58），ハーバード大学（1958～90），メリーランド大学（1990～2003）で教授を務めた。1950年代半ばの冷戦をきっかけに，国家安全保障や軍備拡大競争にゲームの理論を応用する必要性を唱え，1960年『紛争の戦略』The Strategy of Conflictとしてまとめた。ゲームの理論の応用範囲を拡大し，紛争解決や戦争回避の一助とした功績が認められ，2005年イスラエルの数学者ロバート・J.オーマンとともにノーベル経済学賞を受賞した。『選択と結果』Choice and Consequence（1984）など著書多数。