Fr. An element with atomic number 87. It is an alkali metal element in Group 1 of the periodic table with the electron configuration [Rn]7s 1. There is a natural element with mass number 223 (half-life 22 min, β - decay) in the actinium series. It is commonly called actinium K (AcK). In addition, artificial radioactive nuclides with mass numbers 199 to 232 are known, but all of them have half-lives of less than 5 min, except for 212 Fr (20 min) and 222 Fr (14.2 min). DI Mendeleyev predicted this element in 1871 under the provisional name eka-caesium. Since then, efforts to discover it have continued, and various names have been proposed, but none have been confirmed, and it was not until 1939 that M. Perey of the Institut Curie finally discovered 223 Fr as a daughter nuclide of α-decay of 227 Ac. Classically called AcK due to its position in the decay chain, it was named francium in 1946 after Perey's home country, and in 1949 IUPAC approved the name and symbol of the element. 223 Fr, which has the longest half-life of any isotope, is found in uranium minerals because it is in radioactive equilibrium with the decay chain, but it is present in very small quantities. Heavier isotopes of francium are produced by bombarding uranium or thorium with high-energy protons, while lighter isotopes are obtained by nuclear reactions in gold, tellurium, and lead with heavy ions. Melting point 27 °C, boiling point 677 °C. First ionization energy 4.08 eV. It is the most electropositive element, located at the bottom left of the periodic table. Only tracer amounts are available, so its properties are studied using tracer amounts. It has a monovalent valence in aqueous solution. Chemically, it coprecipitates with CsClO 4 and Cs 2 [PtCl 6 ], which are highly active and similar to cesium. [CAS 7440-73-5] Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
Fr.原子番号87の元素.電子配置[Rn]7s1の周期表1族アルカリ金属元素.天然に質量数223(半減期22 min,β- 崩壊)がアクチニウム系列中に存在する.慣用名でアクチニウムK(AcK)とよばれる.このほか,質量数199~232の人工放射性核種が知られているが,いずれも半減期は,212Fr(20 min),222Fr(14.2 min)を除いて5 min 以下である.D.I. Mendeleyev(メンデレーエフ)が1871年にeka-caesiumと暫定名で予言した元素.その後,発見の努力が続けられ,いろいろな元素名が提案されたが確認されず,1939年になってようやくキュリー研究所のM. Perey女史が,227Ac のα崩壊の娘核種として 223Fr を発見した.崩壊系列中の位置から古典的にはAcKとよばれたが,1946年にPereyの母国にちなんでfranciumと命名され,1949年にIUPACが元素名,元素記号を承認した.同位体核種のなかでもっとも半減期が長い 223Fr がウラン鉱物のなかに,崩壊系列中で放射平衡が成立するため含まれているが,存在量は非常に少ない.フランシウムの重い同位体は,ウランあるいはトリウムに高エネルギーの陽子を照射することによりつくられ,軽い同位体は,重イオンにより金,テルル,鉛中で起こる核反応によって得られる.融点27 ℃,沸点677 ℃.第一イオン化エネルギー4.08 eV.周期表の左下に位置するもっとも陽性の元素である.トレーサー量しか得られないので,性質はトレーサー量で調べられている.水溶液中では一価の原子価をとる.化学的にはセシウムに似て活性が強いCsClO4,Cs2[PtCl6]などと共沈する.[CAS 7440-73-5] 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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