Voodoo (English spelling)

Japanese: ブードゥー(英語表記)Vodou; Voodoo; Vodun
Voodoo (English spelling)
A folk belief rooted in Haiti. The descendants of Africans who were brought to Hispaniola as slaves during the colonial period were Christianized by Catholicism in the 16th and 17th centuries, and Voodoo was created by fusing the original beliefs with Christianity. The word Voodoo means "spirit" or "god" in the Fon language of the Kingdom of Dahomey. It is a worldview that encompasses philosophy, medicine, law, and religion, and its basic principle is that "everything is a spirit." Humans are spirits who live in the visible world, while spirits (iwa), ancestors, and the spirits of deceased people live in the invisible world. The Christian God is considered to be the creator of the universe and spirits. Prayers are offered to God and specific spirits to receive health, protection, and benefits, and prayer rituals are held. The prayers, songs, dances, and gestures of the rituals are said to improve relationships between people and between people and spirits in the invisible world, and to restore harmony and energy. In urban areas, female priests (mambo), male priests (oungan), spirit children (oungsi), and ritual drummers (oungtogi) form a more ordered community or congregation. They have no centralized hierarchy, no single leader, and no official representative, although there are secret organizations that perform religious and judicial functions. The ritual calendar is integrated with the Catholic calendar, and important spirit celebrations are held on the feast days of Catholic saints. Initiations and funerals take place throughout the year.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ハイチに根づく民間信仰。植民地時代のヒスパニオラ島に奴隷として連れて来られたアフリカ人の子孫が,16~17世紀頃カトリックによりキリスト教化され,もともとの信仰とキリスト教が融合するかたちでつくり上げられた。ブードゥーという語は,ダオメー王国のフォン語で「精霊」または「神」を意味する。哲学,医術,司法,宗教を網羅する世界観であり,「すべては精霊である」という考えを基本原理とする。人間は可視的な世界に住む精霊で,目に見えない世界には精霊(イワ)や先祖,亡くなった人の霊などが住む。キリスト教の神が,宇宙と精霊の創造主とされる。健康,守護,利益(りやく)を授かるために神と特定の精霊に向けて祈りを捧げ,祈祷の儀式をとり行なう。儀式の祈り,歌,踊り,身ぶりなどは,人と人,人と見えない世界の霊との関係を改善し,調和とエネルギーを回復させるとされる。都市部では,女性祭司(マンボ)や男性祭司(オウンガン),精霊の子供たち(オウンシ),儀式の鼓手(オウントギ)が,より秩序だった共同体ないし信徒団を形成している。中央集権化された階層構造も,単独の指導者も公式の代表ももたないが,宗教上,司法上の機能を担う秘密組織は存在する。祭祀の暦はカトリックの暦と融合しており,カトリックの聖人(→聖者)の祝日に重要な精霊の祝いが催される。イニシエーションや葬儀は年間を通じて行なわれる。

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