Daughter of Fujiwara no Shunzei - Daughter of Fujiwara no Shunzei

A poet of the early Kamakura period. She was Shunzei's granddaughter by marriage and was adopted. Her father was Fujiwara Moriyori, the Right Shosho Owari no Kami, and her mother was Shunzei's daughter, Hachijo-in Sanjo. Sanjo's mother was Bifukumon'in Kaga, the daughter of Chikatada, so Sanjo was Teika's older sister at the same age. In 1190 (Kenkyu 1), Shunzei's daughter became the wife of Inaba no Kami Minamoto Michitomo at about age 20 and gave birth to a daughter and a son, Tomosada. However, since Michitomo married Azechi, a woman from a powerful family, in order to promote the success of his clan, her family life was not necessarily happy. This was a turning point in her life, and in 1202 (Kennin 2), she served Emperor Gotoba, and became a leading female poet, active in the Sento poetry world. In 1381 (Kenpo 1), at around age 43, she became a nun, initially living in Saga and known as Saga Zenni or Nakanoin no Ama, but later moved to Koshibe no Sho in Harima Province and was known as Koshibe Zenni. After the completion of the Shokugosenshu in 1386 (Kencho 3), her views and feelings in her later years can be seen in the Message from Koshibe Zenni, which she sent to her nephew, Fujiwara Tameie, who compiled the Shokugosenshu. Her poems first appeared in the Shin Kokin Wakashu. Her family anthologies include Shunzei Kyojoshu. She is considered to be the author of Mumyozoshi. She participated in the major poetry contests of the time, including the Sengohyakuban Utaawase, and also wrote a hundred poems. "The smoke disappears in the lower part of the sky, leaving no trace at the end of the clouds. How sad." The nickname "Shimo-moe no Shosho" is said to be based on this song.

[Kimie Itoga]

"A Study of Lady Shunzei" by Motoko Morimoto (1976, Ohfusha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉前期の歌人。俊成の外孫で養女となる。父は右少将尾張守(おわりのかみ)藤原盛頼(もりより)、母は俊成の女の八条院三条。三条の母は親忠(ちかただ)の女の美福門院加賀(びふくもんいんかが)で、三条は定家(ていか)とは同腹の姉にあたる。俊成女は1190年（建久1）20歳ぐらいで因幡守(いなばのかみ)源通具(みちとも)の妻となり一女一男具定(ともさだ)を産んだが、通具は一門の栄達のために権門の女性按察(あぜち)と結婚したので、家庭的にはかならずしも幸福ではなかった。このあたりを人生の転機として1202年（建仁2）後鳥羽(ごとば)院に出仕し、仙洞(せんとう)歌壇で活躍して女流歌人の第一人者となる。13年（建保1）43歳ごろに出家し、初め嵯峨(さが)に住み嵯峨禅尼、中院尼(なかのいんのあま)といわれたが、のちに播磨(はりま)国越部庄(こしべのしょう)に移り住み越部禅尼とよばれる。51年（建長3）の『続後撰(しょくごせん)集』成立後、甥(おい)の撰者藤原為家(ためいえ)に送った『越部禅尼消息』には晩年の見解や心情がみられる。歌は『新古今和歌集』に初出。家集には『俊成卿女集』がある。『無名草子(むみょうぞうし)』の作者に擬せられる。「千五百番歌合(うたあわせ)」をはじめ当時のおもな歌合に参加し、また百首歌を出詠する。「下もえに思ひ消えなん煙だに跡なき雲のはてぞかなしき」。「下もえの少将」の異名はこの歌に基づくという。

［糸賀きみ江］

『森本元子著『俊成卿女の研究』（1976・桜楓社）』

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