Bucharest (English spelling)

Japanese: ブカレスト（英語表記）Bucharest

The capital of Romania. In Romanian, it is called Bucureşti. It developed on both banks of the Dambovica River, a tributary of the Danube, and is located almost in the center of the Romanian plain. It appeared in documents in 1459 as the fortress of Bucharest. It developed as a strategic commercial and military location, and became the capital of the Principality of Wallachia in the 1660s and the capital of the unified Romanian state in 1862. From the second half of the 19th century, industry developed and the population rapidly increased. During World War I, it was occupied by German troops for about two years. At the end of World War II, it was heavily damaged by air raids by the US and British forces, but after the war it was rapidly rebuilt and became the largest political, economic and cultural center of the country. There are many large factories related to machinery, vehicles, textiles and chemicals, and it accounts for more than 20% of the country's industrial production. There are many academic research institutes, many universities including the University of Bucharest and the Technical University, theaters, art galleries and museums. The city has many parks and green spaces, and in the north of the city, seven lakes have been used to create nature parks and sports centers. In the earthquake of March 1977, many buildings in the city center collapsed, causing great damage, but the city was rebuilt. During the revolution of 1989, urban warfare took place. Population: 1,944,367 (2009).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ルーマニアの首都。ルーマニア語ではブクレシュチ Bucureşti。ドナウ川の支流ドゥンボビツァ川の両岸に発展し，ルーマニア平野のほぼ中心に位置する。 1459年ブカレストの砦として文献に登場。以降商業，軍事の要地として発達し，1660年代にワラキア公国の首都，1862年ルーマニア統一国家の首都となり，19世紀後半から工業が発達し，人口も急激に増大した。第1次世界大戦中は約2年間ドイツ軍に占領された。第2次世界大戦の末期にはアメリカ・イギリス軍の空襲による大被害を受けたが，戦後急速に復興が進み，同国の政治，経済，文化の最大の中心地となった。機械，車両，繊維，化学関係の大工場が多く，国内の工業生産の 20%以上を占める。多くの学術研究機関，ブカレスト大学，工業大学を含む多くの大学，劇場，美術館，博物館がある。市内には公園，緑地が多く，特に市北部には七つの湖を利用して自然公園やスポーツ・センターがつくられている。 1977年3月の地震で，市の中心部の建物の多くが倒壊し，大きな被害が出たが復興。 1989年の革命では市街戦が行なわれた。人口 194万4367（2009）。

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