Fatimid Dynasty - Fāima

Japanese: ファーティマ朝 - ふぁーてぃまちょう(英語表記)Fāima
Fatimid Dynasty - Fāima

A dynasty (909-1171) of the Ismaili sect, a branch of Shiite Islam, that arose in North Africa. Ubaid Allah, who claimed to be a descendant of Ali and Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammed), defeated the Aghlabid dynasty of Tunisia in 909 and established the Fatimid dynasty, backed by the success of Ismaili missionary work in North Africa and the support of the Berber Ketami people, and called himself caliph in opposition to the Sunni Abbasid caliphs. The Fatimid dynasty advanced from North Africa to the Mediterranean Sea, using Tunisia as its base, and also conquered Sicily. Under the fourth ruler, Muizz (reigned 952-975), they advanced eastward toward the center of Islam, occupied Egypt in 969, built the new capital, Cairo, and moved their base of operations to Egypt. They went on to annex Palestine, Syria, and the Hijaz region, and by the mid-11th century they had reached Baghdad, threatening the Abbasid Caliphate. The reign of the eighth ruler, Mustansir (reigned 1036-94), was both the peak of their power and the beginning of their decline, and in the 12th century their territory was reduced by external forces, and domestic politics became unsettled due to power struggles, leading to their eventual overthrow by Saladin in 1171. As an Ismaili dynasty, the Fatimid dynasty was enthusiastic about missionary work and promoted the arts and sciences and culture, while also adopting a tolerant policy towards Christians and Jews. From the end of the 10th century to the 11th century, Egypt, under the rule of the Fatimid dynasty, prospered economically due to the flourishing of East-West trade, the development of agriculture, and the gold trade with West Africa.

[Takeshi Yukawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北アフリカより興った、イスラム教シーア派の一派イスマーイール派の王朝(909~1171)。アリーと預言者ムハンマド(マホメット)の娘ファーティマの子孫を称するウバイド・アッラーは、北アフリカにおけるイスマーイール派の布教の成功と、ベルベル系のケターマ人の支援を背景として、909年にチュニジアのアグラブ朝などを倒してファーティマ朝を建て、スンニー派のアッバース朝カリフに対抗して、自らもカリフと称した。ファーティマ朝はチュニジアを根拠地として北アフリカから地中海に進出し、シチリアも征服した。第4代ムイッズ(在位952~975)のときにイスラムの中心地を目ざして東進し、969年にエジプトを占領、新都カイロを建設し、本拠をエジプトに移した。引き続きパレスチナ、シリア、ヒジャーズ地方をも併合し、11世紀なかばにはバグダードにまで迫ってアッバース朝を脅かした。第8代ムスタンシル(在位1036~94)の時代が最盛期であると同時に衰退の始まりで、12世紀になると、外部勢力による領土の縮小、権力闘争による内政の乱れがおこり、結局1171年にサラディンによって滅ぼされた。ファーティマ朝はイスマーイール派の王朝として熱心に布教活動に努め、学芸、文化を振興する一方、キリスト教徒やユダヤ教徒にも寛大な政策をとった。10世紀末から11世紀のエジプトは、ファーティマ朝の支配下にあって、東西貿易の繁栄、農業の発展、西アフリカとの金貿易などにより経済的に大いに栄えた。

[湯川 武]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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