A DMZ is a zone that the parties to a conflict can, by explicit agreement, protect from military attack during peacetime or after the outbreak of hostilities. The zone must be clear of all combatants, mobile weapons, and military equipment, no fixed military installations or structures must be used for hostile purposes, and the authorities and residents of the area must refrain from hostilities and cease military activity. The establishment of a DMZ is by oral or written agreement, either directly or through a Protecting Power or an impartial humanitarian organization (such as the Red Cross), but may also be by reciprocal and identical declaration. The boundaries of the DMZ should be defined as clearly as possible, and methods of monitoring should be established if necessary. They may also be established in connection with UN peacekeeping operations. Article 60 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1977 specifies the details. They differ from "non-defended zones" (Article 59 of Additional Protocol I) in that they require the consent of the parties involved. [Shigeki Miyazaki] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
紛争当事国が、平時または敵対行為開始後、明示の合意により軍事攻撃から保護することができる地帯。DMZともよばれる。同地帯は、すべての戦闘員・移動兵器・軍用設備を退去・撤去し、固定軍用施設・営造物を敵対目的に使用せず、同地域の当局・住民が敵対行為を行わず、軍事的活動を終結していなければならない。 非武装地帯の設置は、直接または利益保護国や公平な人道的団体(赤十字など)を通じ、口頭または文書の取決めによるが、相互的で同一内容の宣言によることもある。できる限り明確に非武装地帯の境界を定め、必要があれば監視方法を定める。国連の平和維持活動に関連して設置されることもある。1977年のジュネーブ条約追加議定書Ⅰの第60条が詳細を定めている。当事国の合意を必要とする点で「無防備地域」(同議定書Ⅰ第59条)と異なる。 [宮崎繁樹] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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