Pinene - Pinene (English spelling)

Japanese: ピネン - ぴねん(英語表記)pinene
Pinene - Pinene (English spelling)

Representative cyclic terpene hydrocarbons include α-pinene and β-pinene. The difference between α- and β-pinene is the position of the double bond, with α-pinene having double bonds at positions 1 and 6, and β-pinene having double bonds at positions 1 and 7. Pinene is contained in many essential oils, and is the main component of turpentine, an essential oil of the conifer family. When it is fractionally distilled, both α-pinene and β-pinene are obtained, but α-pinene is obtained in far greater quantities than β-pinene. However, its value as a raw material for synthesizing terpene fragrances was low, so efforts were made for many years to isomerize α-pinene to β-pinene, and the isomerization technology was established by Glidden (1965, now Glidco), Farbwerke Hoechst (1966), and L. Givaudane (1967).

α-Pinene and β-pinene each have optical isomers, d- and l-isomers. α-Pinene is used in large quantities in paints and resins, and is used as a raw material for the synthesis of synthetic camphor, terpineol, and perillaldehyde. In addition, the technology to isomerize α-pinene to β-pinene has been established, and geraniol, nerol, linalool, citronellol, citral, and citronellal can now be produced via β-pinene. β-Pinene is an important starting material for various terpene-based synthetic fragrances.

[Kikumasa Sato]

[References] | Optical isomerism | Essential oils | Terpenes | Turpentine [Supplementary information] | Pinene (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

環状テルペン系炭化水素の代表的なもので、α(アルファ)-ピネンとβ(ベータ)-ピネンとがある。ピネンのα-体とβ-体の違いは二重結合の位置であって、α-体は1、6位、β-体は1、7位に二重結合がある。ピネンは多くの精油に含有されており、とくに松柏(しょうはく)科の精油であるテレビン油の主成分である。これを分留するとα-ピネンおよびβ-ピネンがともに得られるが、α-ピネンはβ-ピネンより圧倒的に多く得られる。しかし、テルペン系香料の合成原料としての価値は低かったので、多年にわたりα-ピネンをβ-ピネンに異性化させる努力がなされ、Glidden社(1965。現、Glidco社)、Farbwerke Hoechst社(1966)、L. Givaudane社(1967)によって異性化の技術が確立した。

 α-ピネンおよびβ-ピネンにはそれぞれ光学異性体であるd-体とl-体が存在する。α-ピネンは塗料および樹脂に多量に使用され、合成樟脳(しょうのう)、テルピネオール、ペリラルデヒドの合成原料として用いられる。また、α-ピネンをβ-ピネンに異性化する技術が確立されたので、β-ピネンを経てゲラニオール、ネロール、リナロール、シトロネロール、シトラール、シトロネラールが生産されるようになった。β-ピネンは各種テルペン系合成香料の出発原料として重要である。

[佐藤菊正]

[参照項目] | 光学異性 | 精油 | テルペン | テレビン油[補完資料] | ピネン(データノート)

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