It is a viscous orange-red liquid made by dissolving sodium cellulose xanthate in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Approximately 18% aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to "dissolving pulp" made from refined wood, and the mixture is left at room temperature for several hours, then pressed to obtain alkali cellulose. The resulting alkali cellulose is crushed, carbon disulfide is added, and the mixture is heated to obtain a jelly-like sodium cellulose xanthate. This is then dissolved in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and filtered to obtain viscose. It contains approximately 8% cellulose and 6% sodium hydroxide. Viscose is obtained as a yellow liquid, but gradually changes into a viscous reddish-brown solution. When viscose is extruded from a nozzle into a bath of dilute sulfuric acid, the sodium cellulose xanthate decomposes and reverts to its original form as cellulose, producing viscose rayon. Cellophane and sponges are also made from viscose. Viscose rayon, which was previously used as an artificial fiber, was called "artificial silk thread," but its ingredients are different from those of silk thread. [Kaji Aritsugu and Hirota Masaru, July 21, 2015] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セルロースキサントゲン酸ナトリウムを水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液に溶かした橙赤(とうせき)色の粘い液体。木材を精製した「溶解パルプ」に約18%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて室温で数時間置き、圧搾してアルカリセルロースを得る。得られたアルカリセルロースを粉砕し、二硫化炭素を加えて加熱するとゼリー状のセルロースキサントゲン酸ナトリウムが得られる。これを水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液に溶かし、濾過(ろか)してビスコースを得る。セルロース約8%、水酸化ナトリウム約6%を含む。 ビスコースは黄色の液体として得られるが、しだいに粘度の高い赤褐色の溶液に変化する。ビスコースをノズルから希硫酸浴中に押し出すと、セルロースキサントゲン酸ナトリウムが分解して元のセルロースに戻って、ビスコースレーヨンが得られる。ビスコースからセロファンやスポンジもつくられる。以前、人造繊維として使われていたビスコースレーヨンのことを「人造絹糸」とよんでいたが絹糸とは成分が異なる。 [加治有恒・廣田 穰 2015年7月21日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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