Crime and Punishment - Crime and Punishment

Japanese: 犯罪と刑罰 - はんざいとけいばつ（英語表記）Dei delitti e delle pene

A book on criminal law written in 1764 by the Italian thinker C. Beccaria. It is a scathing critique of the 18th century criminal justice system, which included closed-door trials, confessions under torture, arbitrary crime and punishment, and harsh punishments. Influenced by the French Enlightenment, it bases the state's right to punish on the social contract theory, from which it derives the principle of criminal legality, the theory of purposive punishment, and the argument for the abolition of the death penalty. It also makes many proposals for reforming criminal trial procedures, such as the abolition of torture, and had a major impact on subsequent criminal law reforms in European countries.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

イタリアの思想家C.ベッカリーアにより1764年に著された刑法学の書物。密室裁判，拷問による自白，罪刑専断主義，過酷な刑罰などを内容とする18世紀の刑事司法に対する痛烈な批判の書である。フランス啓蒙思想の影響のもとで，社会契約説を国家刑罰権の基礎に置き，そこから罪刑法定主義，目的刑論，死刑廃止論を導いている。拷問の廃止など刑事裁判手続の改革についての提言も多く，その後のヨーロッパ各国における刑事法改革に大きな影響を与えた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Extradition - extradition

>>: Disposal of Domain Bonds - Hansai Shobun