Barbès - Sygismond Auguste Armand Barbès

French revolutionary. Born into a wealthy doctor's family. After the July Revolution of 1830, he studied law in Paris, while also participating in the republican revolutionary movement against the July Monarchy, such as the "Association des Humours". He was arrested for participating in the Paris riots in April 1834, but after his release the following year, he formed the revolutionary secret society "Société de Families" with Blanqui and others. In 1836, he was rearrested on suspicion of weapons manufacturing, convicted and imprisoned. After being released the following year under amnesty, he formed the secret society "Société des Seasons" with Blanqui, Martin Bernard and others. In July 1839, he was arrested for starting a riot in Paris, and was sentenced to death, but this was commuted to life imprisonment. After that, he was transferred to various prisons, and was released during the February Revolution of 1848. He tried to revive the Human Rights Association and establish the Revolutionary Club, but he participated in the socialist revolt against the Second Republic on May 15, and broke with the Blanquists during his arrest and imprisonment. After being released by Napoleon III of the Second Empire in 1854, he went into exile in the Netherlands, where he spent the rest of his life.

[Katsura Yoshio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの革命家。富裕な医者の家に生まれる。1830年の七月革命後パリで法律を学ぶかたわら、「人権協会」などの共和派の七月王政に対する革命運動に参加した。1834年4月のパリの暴動参加の容疑で一時逮捕されたが、翌1835年釈放後ブランキらとともに革命秘密結社「家族社」を結成、1836年武器製造容疑で再逮捕され、有罪宣告を受けて投獄された。翌1837年大赦により釈放後、ブランキ、マルタン・ベルナールらとともに秘密結社「季節社」を結成、1839年7月パリで暴動を起こして逮捕され、死刑を宣告されたが無期刑に減刑された。その後各地の牢獄(ろうごく)を転々、1848年の二月革命で釈放され、人権協会の再生、革命クラブの設立に努めたが、第二共和政に対する5月15日の社会主義者の反乱に加担、逮捕、投獄中にブランキ派と決別した。1854年、第二帝政のナポレオン3世によって釈放されたのち、オランダに亡命、生涯をその地で過ごした。

［桂　圭男］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例