Location Contract - Basyoukeoi

Japanese: 場所請負 - ばしょうけおい

A method of Ezo management used by the Matsumae Domain and the Shogunate during the Edo period. In the early modern period, the Matsumae Domain divided the coastal areas other than the Wajinchi (southern part of the Oshima Peninsula) under its direct control into areas called "basho" (places) corresponding to the fishing rights of each Ainu tribe, and granted the right to trade with the Ainu in these places as fiefs to its vassals (shoba). During the Genroku to Kyoho period (1688-1736), the vassals contracted merchants to manage the basho and received tax for themselves. This was called basho contracting, and the contracting merchants were called basho contractors. The basho contractor merchants initially managed the trade, but then began to manage the fishing grounds directly in order to increase the catch. In the process, the Ainu, who were the parties to the trade, were forced to become laborers in the fishing grounds due to merchants buying up land and lending the means of production in advance. "Basho" were also established in the southern Kuril Islands and parts of Sakhalin, which were under the control of the Matsumae Domain, but in 1789 the Ainu of Kunashiri and Menashi revolted against the mistreatment of the basho contractors (the Kunashiri-Menashi War). In 1799, Eastern Ezo came under direct control of the shogunate, and the basho contract system was abolished. However, it continued in Western Ezo even after it came under direct control of the shogunate in 1807. At first the basho contractors were Omi merchants, but after it became shogunate territory, Edo merchants made a significant inroads. The basho contract system continued even after the Matsumae Domain regained control of Ezo in 1821, but was abolished in 1869 by the new Meiji government.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代，松前藩・幕府が行った蝦夷地経営の方式。近世初頭，松前藩は直轄とした和人地（渡島(おしま)半島南部）以外の海岸部をアイヌの各部族の漁業権域に対応した〈場所〉という区域に分け，この場所におけるアイヌとの交易権を知行として家臣に与えた（商場）。元禄〜享保期（1688年−1736年）になると家臣は商人に場所の経営を請負わせ，自らは運上金を受け取るようになる。これが場所請負で，請負った商人は場所請負人とよばれた。場所請負商人は初め交易経営を行ったが，漁獲量増大のために漁場の直接経営に乗り出す。この過程で交易当事者であったアイヌは，商人の買い占め，生産手段の前貸しなどにより，漁場の労務者への変質を強いられた。松前藩の支配が及んだ南千島や樺太の一部にも〈場所〉が設定されたが，1789年国後(くなしり)・目梨(めなし)のアイヌは場所請負人の酷使に対して蜂起（国後・目梨の戦）。1799年東蝦夷地は幕府直轄となり，場所請負制は廃止される。しかし西蝦夷地では幕府直轄となった1807年以降も存続。場所請負人は初め近江商人，幕府領になってからは江戸商人の進出が著しい。1821年松前藩の蝦夷地支配復活後も場所請負制は継続したが，1869年明治新政府によって廃止された。
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